Caution! High Water: A Historical Archaeological Investigation of the Champoeg Townsite (ORMA26) after the 1861 Flood

The Champoeg townsite first developed due to its ideal settlement and trade location within the Willamette Valley, becoming the ‘legal birthplace of Oregon’ in 1843. However, by 1860 Champoeg’s significance had begun to decline, and in December of 1861 a devastating flood wiped out the townsite. Archaeological excavations took place at the Champoeg townsite in 1990 and 1991 in search of information regarding the significant, pre-flood townsite. Yet, excavations at Block 4, Lots 1 and 2, held information pertaining to a potential post-1861 flood general mercantile store. Thus, a historical archaeological approach was used to investigate the composition of the archaeological assemblage, from one of the only late nineteenth-century general mercantile stores to be excavated in Oregon, as well as provide information about the history of the entire duration of the Champoeg townsite, including the impacts of the technological, transportation, and consumption transformations occurring during the late nineteenth century. In order to discuss these transformations and the experiences of those still utilizing the Champoeg townsite during the post-1861 flood time period, central place, agency, as well as risk and resilience theories were applied

The expansion of Catholicism : an exploration of St. Joseph's College, the first Catholic boarding school for boys within the Oregon territory

St. Joseph's College was located within St. Paul, Oregon, the first Roman Catholic mission in the Pacific Northwest. The St. Paul mission was finally established in 1839 by Father Francois Blanchet, four years after the French-Canadian settlers in the area, appropriately known as French Prairie, had requested the presence of a Catholic priest. On October 17th, 1843 St. Joseph's College was officially dedicated becoming the first boarding school for boys within the Oregon Territory. Two priests, Fathers Antoine Langlois and Jean-Baptiste Zacharie Bolduc alternated as headmaster until the school's closure in June 1849 due to the California Gold Rush. This thesis examines the expansion of the Catholic Church during the development of the Oregon Territory. The daily experiences and activities of the Catholic priests as well as the significance of their institution, St. Joseph's College, is explored through the use of the historical and archaeological record

Substance-Abusing Mothers and fathers\u27 Willingness to Allow Their Children to Receive Mental Health Treatment

The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes of substance-abusing mothers and fathers entering outpatient treatment toward allowing their children to participate in individual- or family-based interventions. Data were collected from a brief anonymous survey completed by adults at intake into a large substance abuse treatment program in western New York. Only one-third of parents reported that they would be willing to allow their children to participate in any form of mental health treatment. Results of chi-square analyses revealed that a significantly greater proportion of mothers reported that they would allow their children to participate in mental health treatment (41%) compared to fathers (28%). Results of logistic regression analyses revealed even after controlling for child age, mothers were more likely than fathers to indicate their willingness to allow their children to receive mental health treatment; however, type of substance abuse (alcohol versus drug abuse) was not associated with parents\u27 willingness to allow their children to receive treatment. Parental reluctance to allow their children to receive individual or family-based treatment is a significant barrier in efforts to intervene with these at-risk children

Relationship between isometric hip strength and incidence of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes: A critically appraised topic

Clinical Scenario: Noncontact ACL injuries are prevalent among athletes in multi-planar sports, but especially among female athletes. Hip strength may be a factor that contributes to the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries because of the dynamic movement patterns it creates at the knee.Clinical Question: Does hip strength impact the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes?Summary of Key Findings: A search of the literature was conducted for the relationship between hip strength and noncontact ACL incidence. Three prospective cohort studies that measured isometric hip strength and then recorded the number of noncontact ACL injuries that occurred within a set time period were included in this critically appraised topic. One study found that a lower isometric hip adductor to abductor ratio was associated with noncontact ACL injuries. Two studies found that subjects who sustained noncontact ACL injuries had greater isometric hip strength measures.Clinical Bottom Line: The evidence suggests that greater isometric hip strength and poor isometric hip adductor to abductor strength ratio may be a risk factor that is associated with noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes. Future research should continue to study the impact that hip strength has on the incidence of noncontact ACL injuries, across all genders, and why.Strength of Recommendation: Based on the Center of Evidence Based Medicine, these studies provide Level 3 evidence that hip strength is a positive factor associated with the risk of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes

A menthol-enhanced “cooling” energy gel does not influence laboratory time trial performance in trained runners

l-menthol (menthol) is an organic compound derived from peppermint which imparts a refreshing mint flavor and aroma to oral hygiene products, chewing gum, and topical analgesics. Menthol has been identified as a non-thermal sensory cooling strategy for athletes when ingested or mouth-rinsed during exercise in hot environments. Therefore, sports nutrition products delivering a controlled concentration of menthol could be beneficial for athletes exercising in the heat. We sought to test the performance and perceptual outcomes of a novel menthol energy gel during treadmill running in the heat (33 °C, 49% RH). Fourteen trained runners (mean ± SD; age: 31 ± 6 years, VO2max: 56.5 ± 10.1 mL·kg−1·min−1, BMI: 23.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2; six female) participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. A menthol-enhanced energy gel (0.5% concentration; MEN) or flavor-matched placebo (PLA) was ingested 5 min before and again at 20 and 40 min of a 40 min treadmill exercise preload at 60% VO2max, followed by a 20 min self-paced time trial. The total distance, vertical distance, perceptual measures (thermal comfort, thermal sensation, rating of perceived exertion, and affect), and cognitive performance via computerized neurocognitive assessment were measured. No difference between 20 min self-paced time trial total distance (MEN: 4.22 ± 0.54 km, PLA: 4.22 ± 0.55 km, p = 0.867), vertical distance (MEN: 49.2 ± 24.6 m, PLA: 44.4 ± 11.4 m, p = 0.516), or any perceptual measures was observed (all p > 0.05). Cognitive performance was not different between the trials (all p > 0.05). These results suggest that a menthol energy gel is not superior to a non-menthol gel in terms of performance or perception during treadmill running in the heat. More research is needed to confirm whether these findings translate to ecologically valid settings, including outdoor exercise in ambient heat and during competition

Netrin-3 Signals Through Serine Phosphorylation in Tetrahymena thermophila

The netrin family of proteins are structurally related to laminin and, while first discovered in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, are now known to be present in species throughout the animal kingdom, including humans. These proteins also have a wide variety of roles that include inhibition of apoptosis, chemorepulsion, and axonal guidance. Due to the results of previous studies involving netrin-1 in vertebrate systems, the current prevailing assumption is that netrins, when acting as chemorepellents, signal using tyrosine kinases. However, data that we gathered through phosphoserine-targeting ELISA assays and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that the netrin-3 peptides signal Tetrahymena thermophila through serine phosphorylation instead, causing the ciliate protists to avoid netrin-3 peptides in response. Treatment with netrin-3 peptides also seems to cause mitotic inhibition in Tetrahymena, which can be reversed by addition of a serine kinase inhibitor. This new information suggests that netrin-3 may have physiological roles that have previously been unexplored

PHIL photoinjector test line

LAL is now equiped with its own platform for photoinjectors tests and Research and Developement, named PHIL (PHotoInjectors at LAL). This facility has two main purposes: push the limits of the photoinjectors performances working on both the design and the associated technology and provide a low energy (MeV) short pulses (ps) electron beam for the interested users. Another very important goal of this machine will be to provide an opportunity to form accelerator physics students, working in a high technology environment. To achieve this goal a test line was realised equipped with an RF source, magnets and beam diagnostics. In this article we will desrcibe the PHIL beamline and its characteristics together with the description of the first two photoinjector realised in LAL and tested: the ALPHAX and the PHIN RF Guns

Analysis of surfactant-associated bacteria in the sea surface microlayer using deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing and synthetic aperture radar

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the upper 1 mm of the ocean, where Earth’s biogeochemical processes occur between the ocean and atmosphere. It is physicochemically distinct from the water below and highly variable in space and time due to changing physical conditions. Some microorganisms influence the composition of the SML by producing surfactants for biological functions that accumulate on the surface, decrease surface tension, and create slicks. Slicks can be visible to the eye and in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery. This study focuses on surfactant-associated bacteria in the near-surface layer and their role in slick formation where oil is present