Physiological attributes of banana and plantain cultivars of the Colombian Musaceae Collection

The Colombian Musaceae Collection (CMC) contains 140 banana and plantain cultivars. For this study, twelve cultivars were selected when they were in the initial flowering stage and the physiological attributes of the plants and some components of the bunches were studied. Similar cultivar groups were determined in terms of the evaluated attributes with the use of a multivariate statistical analysis for principal components and grouping analysis. With 89.35% explanation of the total variance by the first five components, the variables fresh weight of the bunches, fresh weight of the fruit, number of fruits, specific leaf area, total dry weight of the plant, dry weight of the corms, and percentage of dry weight of the bunches represented the majority of the differentiation of the cultivars. This study allowed for the evaluation and comparison of the principal promising banana and plantain cultivars for use as basic tools in selection programs of the Musaceae germplasm in terms of agronomic and productive behaviors

Weeds control in plantain crops

Based on weed control research made by the Plant Physiology Program in ICA - Palmira in plantain crops,the following conclusion can be drawn: weeds can affect the growth of the stem by decreasing the diameter of the stem, size of the plant and its height. In this work is also discussed the different weed control methods developed in plantain crops, as well as the cost of weed control practices.Con base en las investigaciones realizadas por el Programa de Fisiología Vegetal del ICA en el CNI de Palmira sobre el control de malezas en plátano, se realizó el presente trabajo técnico. El análisis de la experimentación permitió dar información del efecto de las malezas sobre la altura, diámetro del pseudotallo y floración de las plantas de plátano, así como de los métodos de control (cultural, manual y químico) de las malezas predominantes en la zona. Por último, el trabajo se complementó con un análisis de costos.Plátano-Musa sapientu

Physiological attributes of banana and plantain cultivars of the Colombian Musaceae Collection

The Colombian Musaceae Collection (CMC) contains 140 banana and plantain cultivars. For this study, twelve cultivars were selected when they were in the initial flowering stage and the physiological attributes of the plants and some components of the bunches were studied. Similar cultivar groups were determined in terms of the evaluated attributes with the use of a multivariate statistical analysis for principal components and grouping analysis. With 89.35% explanation of the total variance by the first five components, the variables fresh weight of the bunches, fresh weight of the fruit, number of fruits, specific leaf area, total dry weight of the plant, dry weight of the corms, and percentage of dry weight of the bunches represented the majority of the differentiation of the cultivars. This study allowed for the evaluation and comparison of the principal promising banana and plantain cultivars for use as basic tools in selection programs of the Musaceae germplasm in terms of agronomic and productive behaviors

Análisis de la variabilidad genética de la colección colombiana de musáceas usando marcadores isoenzimáticos

La Colección Colombiana de Musãceas (CCM) es la ünica a nivel mundial %ue representa un alto valor por ser la %ue posee introducciones andinas de altura (& 1()) m.s.n.m.). La caracterización de este germoplasma puede generar valor agregado para su utilización en procesos de selección clonal - para el mejoramiento genético de la especie, mediante el uso de materiales diploides con características transmisibles de importancia. Por esta razón, 33 clones de la CCM conservadas in vitro<em>, </em>fueron evaluadas bio%uimicamente mediante 1) enzimas, de las cuales cuatro 4ueron polimór7cas: glutamato o=aloacetil transaminasa (GOT), a13-esterasa (a13HIJL), pero=idasa (PMQ) - dia4orasa (DVWP). La enzima GYL 4ue la mãs discriminante entre grupos genómicos particulares. PMQ, DVWP - a13HIJL permitieron evaluar la variabilidad al interior de cada grupo. Il estudio 4acilita el entendimiento de la estructura genética de los genotipos de plátano y banano cultivados en Colombia. <span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: ";Bookman Old Style";; mso-fareast-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Bookman Old Style";; color: #231f20; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="mso-font-width: 102%;">. </span></span&gt

Análisis de la variabilidad genética de la colección colombiana de musáceas usando marcadores isoenzimáticos Analysis of the genetic variability of colombian collection of Musaceae using isozyme markers

La Colección Colombiana de Musáceas (CCM) es la única a nivel mundial que representa un alto valor por ser la que posee introducciones andinas de altura (> 1500 m.s.n.m.). La caracterización de este germoplasma puede generar valor agregado para su utilización en procesos de selección clonal y para el mejoramiento genético de la especie, mediante el uso de materiales diploides con características transmisibles de importancia. Por esta razón, 33 clones de la CCM conservadas in vitro, fueron evaluadas bioquímicamente mediante 10 enzimas, de las cuales cuatro fueron polimórficas: glutamato oxaloacetil transaminasa (GOT), ab-esterasa (ab-EST), peroxidasa (PRX) y diaforasa (DIAP). La enzima GOT fue la más discriminante entre grupos genómicos particulares. PRX, DIAP y ab-EST permitieron evaluar la variabilidad al interior de cada grupo. El estudio facilita el entendimiento de la estructura genética de los genotipos de plátano y banano cultivados en Colombia.<br>The Colombian Collection of Musaceae (CCM) represents a great value to the world agriculture for being the only one with high Andean germplasm. The characterization of this germplasm can generate added value to use in processes of clone selection and breeding of the species by using diploid materials with desirable traits to be transferred and thus help alleviate food problems in poor countries. For this reason the CCM 33 clones conserved in vitro, were assessed biochemically using 10 enzymes of which four were polimorfics: oxaloacetil transaminasa glutamate (GOT), ab-esterase (ab-EST), peroxidase (PRX) and diaphorase (DIAP). The GOT enzyme was the most discriminating among individual genomic groups. PRX, ab-EST and DIAP allowed us to evaluate the variability within each group. The study provided a better understanding of the genetic structure of the genotypes of plantain and banana grown in Colombia

Modeling plantain (Musa AAB Simmonds) potential yield

Plantain is a basic food for more than 400 million people of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Crop modeling has become a useful agricultural tool whose outputs not only facilitate the scientific study of crop physiological processes, but also the adaptation of farmers' crop management decisions. By using physiological and climatic data from two experiments on variety Dominico-Harton (Musa AAB Simmonds), a plantain potential production model was developed. Based on the results, Light Extinction Coefficient (k) and Light Use Efficiency (LUE) were respectively estimated as 0.2817 and 1.63 g MJ-1. Likewise, aerial dry matter results allowed estimating partition coefficients for both the vegetative and the reproductive stage. Leaf, stem and corm dry matter were observed to increase in equal proportions during the vegetative stage. During the reproductive stage, only the stem was observed to increase its dry matter content (although not as much as in the vegetative stage), while leaves and corm were found to decrease it. A sensitivity analysis established LUE as the most sensitive parameter. In consequence, research efforts should be aimed at improving this conversion of radiant energy into dry matter