Neuropeptide gene expression in the sheep SCN.

<p>The left panel shows daily mRNA expression profiles for the neuropeptides <i>Avp</i> and <i>Vip</i>. <i>Avp</i> shows a pronounced daily rhythm of expression, but this was unaffected by the photoperiod manipulation. <i>Vip</i> expression shows no significant changes during the daily cycle, or in response to photoperiod manipulation. Data presentation in the graphs is as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0159201#pone.0159201.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>. The right panels show representative images for each of the 3 neuropeptide genes studied, with phases from which images were taken. Note the absence of <i>Grp</i> expression in the SCN despite strong labelling in the neighbouring supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Scale bar = 4 mm.</p

Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank^*

<p><b>Background:</b> Reported associations between shiftwork and health have largely been based on occupation-specific, or single sex studies that might not be generalizable to the entire working population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shiftwork was independently associated with obesity, diabetes, poor sleep, and well-being in a large, UK general population cohort.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Participants of the UK Biobank study who were employed at the time of assessment were included. Exposure variables were self-reported shiftwork (any shiftwork and night shiftwork); and outcomes were objectively measured obesity, inflammation and physical activity and self-reported lifestyle, sleep and well-being variables, including mental health.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Shiftwork was reported by 17% of the 277,168 employed participants. Shiftworkers were more likely to be male, socioeconomically deprived and smokers, and to have higher levels of physical activity. Univariately, and following adjustment for lifestyle and work-related confounders, shiftworkers were more likely to be obese, depressed, to report disturbed sleep, and to have neurotic traits.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Shiftwork was independently associated with multiple indicators of poor health and wellbeing, despite higher physical activity, and even in shiftworkers that did not work nights. Shiftwork is an emerging social factor that contributes to disease in the urban environment across the working population.Key messages</p><p>Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce</p><p>In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity.</p><p>Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference</p><p></p> <p>Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce</p> <p>In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity.</p> <p>Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference</p

Circadian clock protein BMAL1 regulates IL-1β in macrophages via NRF2.

A variety of innate immune responses and functions are dependent on time of day, and many inflammatory conditions are associated with dysfunctional molecular clocks within immune cells. However, the functional importance of these innate immune clocks has yet to be fully characterized. NRF2 plays a critical role in the innate immune system, limiting inflammation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) suppression and direct repression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6. Here we reveal that the core molecular clock protein, BMAL1, controls the mRNA expression of</p