ESM Tables S2-S4 from The genetic and molecular architecture of phenotypic diversity in sticklebacks

Tables of QTL studies, gene identification studies, and analyses of distribution of QTL on stickleback chromosome

Functional annotation and clustering of genes expressed at higher levels in individually-housed fish.

<p>Terms beginning with: GO = Gene Ontology term; IPR = Interpro protein domain; SM = SMART protein domain; dre = KEGG pathway.</p><p>Functional annotation and clustering of genes expressed at higher levels in individually-housed fish.</p

Glutamate receptors are enriched in the list of upregulated genes from group-housed fish.

<p>The percentage of genes in the significantly upregulated and total gene list is shown for glutamate and GABA receptors. There is a significant enrichment in glutamate but not GABA receptors in the list of genes upregulated in group-housed fish.</p

Social Regulation of Gene Expression in Threespine Sticklebacks

<div><p>Identifying genes that are differentially expressed in response to social interactions is informative for understanding the molecular basis of social behavior. To address this question, we described changes in gene expression as a result of differences in the extent of social interactions. We housed threespine stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>) females in either group conditions or individually for one week, then measured levels of gene expression in three brain regions using RNA-sequencing. We found that numerous genes in the hindbrain/cerebellum had altered expression in response to group or individual housing. However, relatively few genes were differentially expressed in either the diencephalon or telencephalon. The list of genes upregulated in fish from social groups included many genes related to neural development and cell adhesion as well as genes with functions in sensory signaling, stress, and social and reproductive behavior. The list of genes expressed at higher levels in individually-housed fish included several genes previously identified as regulated by social interactions in other animals. The identified genes are interesting targets for future research on the molecular mechanisms of normal social interactions.</p></div

Genes significantly upregulated in group-housed fish.

<p>All five significant genes from diencephalon and top 25 from hindbrain/cerebellum are shown; no genes were significantly upregulated in the telencephalon. Log2FC = log2 fold-change, FDR = false discovery rate, Symbol = gene name, NA = novel gene with no associated name.</p><p>Genes significantly upregulated in group-housed fish.</p

Functional annotation and clustering of genes expressed at higher levels in group-housed fish.

<p>Terms beginning with: GO = Gene Ontology term; IPR = interpro; SM = SMART protein domain.</p><p>Functional annotation and clustering of genes expressed at higher levels in group-housed fish.</p

Multidimensional scaling plot reveals separation of samples based on brain region.

<p>Multidimensional scaling plot shows leading log2 fold-change (log2FC) differences between samples. Brain regions are colored as follows: blue = telencephalon; red = diencephalon; black = hindbrain/cerebellum. Inset shows schematic of brain with the same colors representing dissected brain regions. Circles = group-housed samples; diamonds = individually-housed samples.</p

Top ten genes enriched in each brain region.

<p>Log2FC = log2 fold-change, FDR = false discovery rate, Symbol = gene name, NA = novel gene with no associated name.</p><p>Top ten genes enriched in each brain region.</p

Genes significantly upregulated in individually-housed fish.

<p>One significant gene from telencephalon and top 25 from hindbrain/cerebellum are shown. Log2FC = log2 fold-change, FDR = false discovery rate, Symbol = gene name, NA = novel gene with no associated name.</p><p>Genes significantly upregulated in individually-housed fish.</p

ESM Table S1 from The genetic and molecular architecture of phenotypic diversity in sticklebacks

QTL datase