Comparing the Determinants of Concern about Terrorism and Crime

Both crime and terrorism impose costs onto society through the channels of fear and worry. Identifying and targeting groups which are especially affected by worries might be one way to reduce the total costs of these two types of insecurity. However, compared to the drivers of the fear of crime, the determinants of concerns regarding global terrorism are less well known. Using nationally representative survey data, we analyse and compare the individual determinants of concern about global terrorism and crime, and show that worries about terrorism are driven by similar determinants as those about crime, which could have important policy implications. We furthermore provide an insight into the structure of the determinants of concerns regarding other public and private goods.Terrorism, crime, fear, attitudes, GSOEP

Comparing the Determinants of Concern about Terrorism and Crime

Both crime and terrorism impose costs onto society through the channels of fear and worry. Identifying and targeting groups which are especially affected by worries might be one way to reduce the total costs of these two types of insecurity. However, compared to the drivers of the fear of crime, the determinants of concerns regarding global terrorism are less well known. Using nationally representative survey data, we analyse and compare the individual determinants of concern about global terrorism and crime, and show that worries about terrorism are driven by similar determinants as those about crime, which could have important policy implications. We furthermore provide an insight into the structure of the determinants of concerns regarding other public and private goods.Terrorism, crime, fear, attitudes, GSOEP

Perceptions and Attitudes to a Terrorist Shock: Evidence from the UK

The emergence of transnational terrorism in Western countries has raised the debate about security measures, some of which could constrain civil liberties. This is the first paper that uses terrorist attacks (on 7th July, 2005 in London) as an exogenous source of variation to study the dynamics of risk perceptions and its impact on the readiness to trade off civil liberties for enhanced security. In this framework we show that the willingness to trade off security for liberties is dramatically affected by changes in individual risk assessments brought on after a terrorist attack, and document the extent of its persistence.terrorism, civil liberties, risk perception

On the Determinants of Terrorism Risk Concern in Europe

We investigate whether differences in terrorism risk are mirrored on terrorism risk concern across European countries for the period 2003-2007. We find that the average propensity for terrorism risk concern is indeed affected by actual risk levels. Furthermore, country and individual heterogeneity contribute substantially to the variation of observed risk concern. According to our findings, males, singles and individuals with white collar jobs are less likely to mention terrorism as one of the most pressing issues their country faces. In contrast, political positioning towards the right end of the spectrum and living in rural areas make it more likely to be concerned about terrorism. As far as competing risks are concerned, we find that the likelihood terrorism is mentioned increases when competing risks' drivers also increase such as taxation, inflation, unemployment and poverty risk at work. In contrast, terrorism is less likely to be mentioned when the determinants of crime, immigration rates, housing costs and pensions are higher. Finally, based on the Bayesian framework we also examine the formation of terrorism risk perceptions, and decompose the observed country level time series of terrorism activity into a long and a short run component. We conclude that the observed risk concern variation is mostly explained by the trend part of terrorism activity countries face, although cyclical variations are also important.probit, survey data, terrorism risk concern, time series decomposition

Terrorism Risk Concern in Europe

We explore whether differences of terrorism risk perception across all European countries reflect their underlying differences in terrorism risk, which we decompose into a long term and innovation component. We employ longitudinal country-level data on terrorism risk concern and our modeling approach is motivated by the Bayesian framework. We conclude that the observed risk perception variation is significantly explained by the long term terrorism countries face, while the cyclical part of terrorism activity does not affect risk perception.

Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus in Deutschland

Eine Sondererhebung 2007 des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels für Deutschland ergab: Die Deutschen machen sich häufiger große Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus als um ihre eigene wirtschaftliche Situation. Besonders ältere Menschen und Frauen scheinen dazu zu neigen, sich große Sorgen zu machen. Aber auch der Bildungsgrad spielt eine wichtige Rolle: Befragte mit Abitur machen sich signifikant seltener große Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus. Diese Befunde sind wichtig, weil Emotionen und Sorgen Wahrnehmung und Verhalten stark beeinflussen und sowohl politische als auch ökonomische Folgen nach sich ziehen können. Die Untersuchung von Faktoren, die das Ausmaß der Sorgen beeinflussen, ist daher von großer Bedeutung für den politischen Umgang mit Terrorismus

The Threat of Terrorism: The Perspective of a Policy-Maker

This note defines and analyzes the most important issues concerning decisionmaking about human-induced insecurities such as terrorism and organized crime from the perspective of a policymaker. By means of modeling the policymakers trade-o_ between the e_ectiveness and costs of policy measures targeted at reducing the threat of terrorism, we aim at helping to understand the role economic research can take to enable e_cient decisionmaking in the context of human-induced insecurities in general and terrorism in particular.

Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus in Deutschland

Eine Sondererhebung 2007 des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels für Deutschland ergab: Die Deutschen machen sich häufiger große Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus als um ihre eigene wirtschaftliche Situation. Besonders ältere Menschen und Frauen scheinen dazu zu neigen, sich große Sorgen zu machen. Aber auch der Bildungsgrad spielt eine wichtige Rolle: Befragte mit Abitur machen sich signifikant seltener große Sorgen um den globalen Terrorismus. Diese Befunde sind wichtig, weil Emotionen und Sorgen Wahrnehmung und Verhalten stark beeinflussen und sowohl politische als auch ökonomische Folgen nach sich ziehen können. Die Untersuchung von Faktoren, die das Ausmaß der Sorgen beeinflussen, ist daher von großer Bedeutung für den politischen Umgang mit Terrorismus.Terrorism, Concerns, Attitudes, Crime

How Rational Is the Response of Individuals to the Threat of Terrorism in Europe?

In this Policy Briefing, we address two important questions. We look at the drivers of concern about terrorism and find that beyond individual characteristics, it is also affected by the occurrence of terrorism. When distinguishing between permanent and transitory terrorism, the first has a much stronger impact than the first. The second question concerns how terrorism affects the policy preferences of voters. We find that while a higher level of terrorist concern does increase people's willingness to trade off civil liberties for more security, a singular attack has only a temporary effect. After only a few months, people's preferences return towards their pre-attack levels.

Secretome analysis of breast cancer-associated adipose tissue to identify paracrine regulators of breast cancer growth

Adipose tissue secretes a plethora of adipokines as evidenced by characterization of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue secretomes. However, adipose tissue composition and secretion pattern is depot and disease dependent, influencing the adipose tissue secretome. We investigated the secretome of cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT) explants from breast cancer patients and explored its role in breast cancer proliferation. CAAT proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and human protein antibody arrays and stimulated proliferation of three breast cancer cell lines. Kinomics and transcriptomics of MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with the secretome of CAAT revealed activation of Akt-, ERK- and JNK-pathways and differential expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) target genes. The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor palbociclib significantly abrogated CAAT-enhanced breast cancer cell proliferation. Our work characterizes the specific breast CAAT protein secretome and reveals its pro-proliferative potency in breast cancer