26 research outputs found
Recent cohort effects in suicide in Scotland:A legacy of the 1980s?
Get PDFBackground: Mortality rates are higher in Scotland relative to England and Wales, even after accounting for deprivation. This ‘excess’ mortality is partly due to higher mortality from alcohol-related and drug-related deaths, violence and suicide (particularly in young adults). This study investigated whether cohort effects from exposure to neoliberal politics from the 1980s might explain the recent trends in suicide in Scotland.
Methods: We analysed suicide deaths data from 1974 to 2013 by sex and deprivation using shaded contour plots and intrinsic estimator regression modelling to identify and quantify relative age, period and cohort effects.
Results: Suicide was most common in young adults (aged around 25–40 years) living in deprived areas, with a younger peak in men. The peak age for suicide fell around 1990, especially for men for whom it dropped quickly from around 50 to 30 years. There was evidence of an increased risk of suicide for the cohort born between 1960 and 1980, especially among men living in the most deprived areas (of around 30%). The cohort at highest risk occurred earlier in the most deprived areas, 1965–1969 compared with 1970–1974.
Conclusions: The risk of suicide increased in Scotland for those born between 1960 and 1980, especially for men living in the most deprived areas, which resulted in a rise in age-standardised rates for suicide among young adults during the 1990s. This is consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to neoliberal politics created a delayed negative health impact
Employee engagement: Does it exist, and if so, how does it relate to performance, other constructs and individual differences?
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Accuracy of percentile judgments used in the utility analysis of personnel selection procedures
No full textSchmidt, Hunter, McKenzie and Muldrow's (1979) global estimation procedure for determining the standard deviation of job performance in monetary terms (SDy) is based on the assumption that people are able to estimate the percentiles of a normal distribution. The aim of the research reported here was to test the veracity of this assumption. We used participants who were primed to work with percentiles on a task that provided all the information necessary to solve the problem. Participants' percentile estimates were found to be grossly in error, suggesting that utilities estimated by the Schmidt et al. procedure are inaccurate. This finding was replicated in a second study which also examined the effect of group decision-making on the estimation process. Group estimates were found to be no better than individual estimate
