An introduction to time-resolved decoding analysis for M/EEG

The human brain is constantly processing and integrating information in order to make decisions and interact with the world, for tasks from recognizing a familiar face to playing a game of tennis. These complex cognitive processes require communication between large populations of neurons. The non-invasive neuroimaging methods of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide population measures of neural activity with millisecond precision that allow us to study the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes. However, multi-sensor M/EEG data is inherently high dimensional, making it difficult to parse important signal from noise. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) or "decoding" methods offer vast potential for understanding high-dimensional M/EEG neural data. MVPA can be used to distinguish between different conditions and map the time courses of various neural processes, from basic sensory processing to high-level cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the practical aspects of performing decoding analyses on M/EEG data as well as the limitations of the method, and then we discuss some applications for understanding representational dynamics in the human brain

The Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans, 2007

The Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans, three fundamental parts of the U.S. food guidance system, have been revised by USDA’s Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, with assistance from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, Economic Research Service, and Agricultural Research Service. The plans provide representative healthful market baskets at three different cost levels. This revision maintains the same inflation-adjusted costs as those of the previous three food plans, last revised in 2003. In line with previous food plans, an assumption used to develop these plans was that all purchased food is consumed at home. The newly revised (2007) Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans differ from, and improve upon, the previous versions in a number of ways: • The Plans are based on the most current dietary standards: the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans as well as the 2005 MyPyramid Food Guidance System. • The Plans use the latest data on food consumption, nutrient content, and food prices: the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2001- 2002 Food Price Database. • The Plans offer a more realistic reflection of the time available for home food preparation; hence, each plan incorporates more prepared foods within the recipes and requires fewer preparations from scratch.USDA Food Plans, Low-Cost Food Plan, Moderate-Cost Food Plan, Liberal Food Plan, Diet Quality, Cost of Food, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy,

Strange, But True, Cases of Veterinary Law

This is one in a series of examinations of unusual, veterinary-related disputes that actually found their way to the courtroom. Review the facts of the case, determine your verdict and see if you agree with the ultimate decision of the court. After examining the clinical data, see if you came up with the same diagnosis that the legal system did. The following North Carolina case (FN1) dealt with a worker (hereinafter; plaintiff ) employed in a veterinary hospital (owned by defendant ) who was seeking worker\u27s compensation benefits for injuries he sustained when he was struck by a hit and run motorcycle driver while crossing the street in front of the veterinary clinic. At specific issue in this case is whether or not the injuries sustai~ed by the worker arose out of or in the course of his employment. If the latter was found to be the case, then the associated costs of his injuries would be covered via workman\u27s compensation insurance. If his injuries were found to not be derived, then this particular insurance coverage would be denied

Fatherhood and deconstructive knowledge: Alternative ethical and methodological considerations for men interviewing men

Research and theorizing about fathering has lacked a critical focus on issues of power, privilege, and accountability in parenting relationships. The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce some new methodological issues for working with fathers that are capable of addressing these important issues. It is proposed that because of the problems of positionality and power in relationships it is critical for research with fathers to engage in a deconstructive process of the ways that power and positionality affect the lives of children and women. A new methodology of deconstructive knowledge is presented to help address concerns with positionality. Important ethical and methodological issues are also raised regarding the problem of men researching men. New proposals for action are presented to help in this area by recruiting women as consultants to the project. New proposals for researcher accountability are also addressed and enacted throughout the research process. Four fathers were invited to participate in this new methodology. The main focus of analysis was to demonstrate the process of this new methodology as illustrated in the transcripts. Special attention is paid to the interactions between the father participants and the researcher and to the very personal effects of this research on the lives of the fathers and researcher

Veterinary Vehicles: Born in Iowa, Part II

(This is the second in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa\u27s major contribution in the area of production of on-site veterinary equipment). The mainstay of commercially available mobile veterinary vehicles is doubtlessly the pickup truck-based veterinary box . Two companies dominate the design, production and marketing of these units and they are both proudly based in Iowa. These two manufacturers will be separately highlighted in this and the upcoming issue of The Iowa State Veterinarian

Born in Iowa: Veterinary Vehicles, Part Three

(This is the third in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa\u27s dominant position in the production of onsite veterinary equipment.) Bowie Manufacturing was founded in 1961 by M.C. Bowie, D.V.M. (ISU \u2746) who had realized the lack of products addressing the mobility needs of veterinary practitioners. Since its inception, the company has been located in Lake City, IA. The business was purchased by its current owner, M.E. Peterson, in 1977. Originally, Bowie produced only chassis-mounted mobile veterinary bodies. In 1970, however, the company added insert bodies to its product line