Cirurgia valvar e coronária simultânea Combined coronary and valvular surgery

Este trabalho analisa 172 pacientes consecutivos operados de cirurgia valvar e coronária simultânea, no período compreendido entre julho de 1980 e junho de 1989.0 número de pacientes submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio e tratamento cirúrgico da valva aórtica (RAo) foi de 95, sendo que 75 foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico da valva mitral e revascularização do miocárdio (RMi). As lesões valvares mais freqüentes foram a estenose aórtica, 44 casos de insuficiência mitral em 40 casos. O número de anastomoses por paciente foi de 1,87 em média para os pacientes RMi e de 1,56 nos pacientes RAo. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 9,8% sendo que a mortalidade para os pacientes RAo foi de 7,3% e para os pacientes RMi foi de 12%. Não houve diferença significativa (x²=04423) entre a mortalidade dos pacientes portadores de insuficiência mitral isquémica, operados eletivamente ou em caráter de emergência, sendo a mortalidade de 20% nos eletivos e de 37,5% nos de emergência. Não houve relação entre mortalidade e número de anastomoses por paciente. Houve tendência de melhores resultados com relação à mortalidade nos pacientes RMi com cirurgia conservadora (x²=1,6382). A curva actuarial de sobrevida mostra 82,6% em 19 semestres para os pacientes RMi, 90,4% para os pacientes RAo e 86,3% para o estudo global de pacientes. Com uma evolução de 5172 meses/pacientes, 75% apresentam-se em classe funcional I (NYHA).<br>In the period between July 1980 and June 1989,172 consecutive patients were submitted to combined coronary and valvular surgery. There were patients with predominantly valvular indications and others with predominant coronary indications. In 95 cases, myocardial revascularization and surgical treatment of the aortic valve (RAo) were simultaneously performed. Seventy five patients were submitted to myocardial revascularization and surgical treatment of the mitral valve (RMi). The more frequent valvular lesions were aortic stenosis (44 cases) and mitral insufficiency (40 cases). The mean number of anastomoses per patient was 1,87 for RMi cases and 1,56 for RAo patients. Overall hospital mortality was 9,8%; RAo mortality was 7,3% and RMi mortality was 12%. Mortality of patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency operated on electively (20%) or in an emergency basis (37,5%) was not statistically significant (x²=04423). There was not a relationship between mortality and the number of anastomoses per patient. A tendency for better results regarding mortality was observed in RMi patients in which the valve was preserved (x²=1,6382). The survival actuarial curves in 19 semesters demonstrates a valve of 82,6% for RMi patients, 90,4% for RAo patients and 86,3% for the whole series. After evolution of 5172 months/patients, 75% were in functional class I (NYHA)

Substituição valvar em idosos com biopróteses de pericárdio bovino: resultados tardios de 12 anos

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os resultados tardios da substituição valvar em pacientes idosos com a utilização de biopróteses de pericárdio bovino no Instituto do Coração em São Paulo. No período de março de 1982 a dezembro de 1995, foram implantadas 463 biopróteses de pericárdio bovino FISICS-INCOR em 432 pacientes com idade superior a 65 anos. A idade média foi de 70,3 ± 4,3 anos e 58,1% eram do sexo masculino. Foram realizadas 286 substituições da valva aórtica, 144 da valva mitral, 16 duplas substituições mitro-aórticas e 1 tricúspide. Houve procedimentos associados em 158 (36,6%) pacientes, sendo o mais freqüente a revascularização do miocárdio (19,2%). A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 12,2% (53 pacientes), sendo 18,7% para o grupo mitral, 7,7% para o grupo aórtico e 18,8% para o mitro-aórtico. As taxas linearizadas para os eventos calcificação, tromboembolismo, rotura, escape pára-valvar e endocardite foram, respectivamente, 0,4%; 0; 0,8%; 0,1% e 0,1% pacientes-ano. A sobrevida actuarial no grupo aórtico foi de 32,4 ± 15,5% em 12 anos, livre de endocardite de 100%, livre de calcificação de 98,3 ± 1,7%, livre de rotura de 91,6 ± 4,8%, livre de escape pára-valvar de 99,5 ± 0,5% e livre de reoperação de 89,6 ± 4,9%, em 12 anos. A sobrevida actuarial no grupo mitral foi de 14,5 ± 11,5% em 12 anos, livre de endocardite de 97,8 ± 2,2%, livre de calcificação de 98,0 ± 2,0%, livre de rotura de 91,7 ± 5,0%, livre de escape pára-valvar de 100% e livre de reoperação de 87,9 ± 5,5% em 12 anos. Não houve tromboembolismo. No período pós-operatório tardio, 293 (87,7%) pacientes encontram-se em classe funcional I (NYHA). Concluímos que os resultados tardios com a utilização de biopróteses de pericárdio bovino FISICS-INCOR foram satisfatórios em pacientes idosos

História da educação no Brasil: a constituição histórica do campo (1880-1970)

O artigo aborda a constituição do campo da história da educação no Brasil de dois prismas. No primeiro, elabora um histórico da disciplina a partir de três pertencimentos: à tradição historiográfica do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Brasil (IHGB); às escolas de formação para o magistério e à produção acadêmica entre os anos 1940 e 1970. No segundo, enfoca os trabalhos realizados nos últimos 20 anos, apontando temas e períodos de interesse e abordagens teóricas mais recorrentes.<br>This article tackles on the structuring of the field of history of education in Brazil through two angles. The first one elaborates on the history of the discipline from three views: the historiographic tradition of the Historical and Geographical Institute of Brazil ( IHGB); the development of teacher's colleges and the academic production from 1940 to 1970. The second one, focus on works done during the last 20 years, pointing out to topics, periods of interest and the most recurrent theoretical approaches

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ