Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient.

<p>Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient for gastric bypass (n = 7) and VBG patients (n = 7) 9.4 years after surgery.</p><p>Energy expenditure are analyzed s cal/min/kg total tissue. 24 hour values for GBP and VBG patients were calculated after the 165 minutes post physical activity was excluded. Values are mean (confidence interval).</p

Correlation of urinary bile acid excretion with glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

<p>Spearman correlation plots were constructed for urinary bile acid excretion and HbA1c, the preferred marker of glycaemic control. Correlation (rs) and P values are indicated. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. NS  =  not significant.</p

Clinical characteristic of all patients and patients in diabetes remission and not in remission.

<p>Values are shown as mean±SEM (range). BMI = body mass index; HOMA = Homeostatic model assessment; HbA1c = Acylated hemoglobin 1c; REM = patients in diabetes remission; N-REM = patients not in diabetes remission</p><p>^aAll patients include 2 patients who did not have diabetes before surgery and were therefore not included in the REM or N-REM subgroups.</p><p>Clinical characteristic of all patients and patients in diabetes remission and not in remission.</p

Demographics of the study cohort.

<p>Data presented as median and interquartile range. Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; NS, not significant. P values were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Chi-square test (†). P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.</p

Biochemical variables.

<p>Biochemical variables in gastric bypass (n = 7) and VBG (n = 7) patients. Area under the curve (AUC) values of GLP-1 and PYY were calculated using fasting and following a standard 400 kcal meal samples over a 150 minutes period where samples were obtained every 30 minutes. Values are mean (confidence interval).</p

Demographics and body composition.

<p>Demographics and body composition in gastric bypass (n = 7) and VBG (n = 7) patients before and 9.4 years after surgery. Values are mean (confidence interval).</p

Energy expenditure during dinner intake.

<p>Mean energy expenditure (cal⋅min-¹⋅kg-¹) one hour before dinner and two hours after dinner started. The duration of the meal is also shown as median and range.</p

Protocol.

<p>Patients arrived at 07.30 after an 11 hour fast. The patients spent 25 hours in total in the chamber for indirect calorimetry.</p

Spearman rank correlations of (A) metabolites (B) lipid species with insulin levels at 4 and 42 days after RYGB.

<p>*p<0.05; **p<0.01. LysoPE = lysophosphatidylethanolamine; PC = phosphatidylcholine; PE = phosphatidylethanolamine; SM = sphingomyelin; TG = triglycerides.</p

Metabolites at (A) pre (B) 4 days and (C) 42 days after surgery and lipids at (D) pre (E) 4 days and (F) 42 days after surgery that differed significantly between patients in diabetes remission and not in remission.

<p>*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. LysoPC = lysophosphatidylcholine; N-REM = patients not in diabetes remission; PC = phosphatidylcholine; PE = phosphatidylethanolamine; REM = patients in diabetes remission; SM = sphingomyelin; TG = triglycerides.</p