Manejo indígena, substâncias húmicas e fertilidade de solos antropogênicos.

Foram estudados solos provenientes do manejo indígena pretérito (terra preta de índio) na Amazônia brasileira. As terras pretas da Amazônia com horizonte antrópico (Au), possuem fertilidade natural alta geralmente atribuída ao elevado de conteúdo de carbono orgânico e às propriedades físico-químicas das suas substâncias hímicas. Estudaram-se as relações entre as frações humificadas de solos altamente intemperizadas da bacia Amazônica com e sem horizonte antrópico e as característica de fertilidade dos mesmos. Fracionou-se a matéria orgânica do solo em ácido fúlvicos (AF), ácido húmicos (AH) e humina (H), na camada de 0-20cm em diferentes situações de uso. Verificou-se que a fração humina está diretamente relacionada com a fertilidade dos solos antropogênicos e que o manejo indígena pretérito dos solos proporcionou uma matéria orgânica de alta qualidade e bastante humificada, sendo esta responsável pela elevada fertilidade química destes solos.1 CD-RO

Changes in metabolic profiling of sugarcane leaves induced by endophytic diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and humic acids (HA) have been used as biostimulants in field conditions. The complete genomic and proteomic transcription of Herbaspirillum seropedicae and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is available but interpreting and utilizing this information in the field to increase crop performance is challenging. The identification and characterization of metabolites that are induced by genomic changes may be used to improve plant responses to inoculation. The objective of this study was to describe changes in sugarcane metabolic profile that occur when HA and PGPB are used as biostimulants. Inoculum was applied to soil containing 45-day old sugarcane stalks. One week after inoculation, the methanolic extracts from leaves were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry; a total of 1,880 compounds were observed and 280 were identified in all samples. The application of HA significantly decreased the concentration of 15 metabolites, which generally included amino acids. HA increased the levels of 40 compounds, and these included metabolites linked to the stress response (shikimic, caffeic, hydroxycinnamic acids, putrescine, behenic acid, quinoline xylulose, galactose, lactose proline, oxyproline and valeric acid) and cellular growth (adenine and adenosine derivatives, ribose, ribonic acid and citric acid). Similarly, PGPB enhanced the level of metabolites identified in HA-treated soils; e.g., 48 metabolites were elevated and included amino acids, nucleic acids, organic acids, and lipids. Co-inoculation (HACPGPB) boosted the level of 110 metabolites with respect to non-inoculated controls; these included amino acids, lipids and nitrogenous compounds. Changes in the metabolic profile induced by HA+PGPB influenced both glucose and pentose pathways and resulted in the accumulation of heptuloses and riboses, which are substrates in the nucleoside biosynthesis and shikimic acid pathways. The mevalonate pathway was also activated, thus increasing phytosterol synthesis. The improvement in cellular metabolism observed with PGPB+HA was compatible with high levels of vitamins. Glucuronate and amino sugars were stimulated in addition to the products and intermediary compounds of tricarboxylic acid metabolism. Lipids and amino acids were the main compounds induced by co-inoculation in addition to antioxidants, stress-related metabolites, and compounds involved in cellular redox. The primary compounds observed in each treatment were identified, and the effect of co-inoculation (HACPGPB) on metabolite levels was discussed

The Dual Effect of Coordinating -NH Groups and Light in the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction with Pyridylamino Co Complexes

CO2 electroreduction could be improved by applying conceptualized strategies to overcome catalytic bottlenecks. In this regard, we report two new cobalt(II) complexes [Co(Py-2(R)N-3)(OTf)](OTf) (Co(R), R=H, Me) based on a new C-2-symmetric pentacoordinate chiral ligand that are active on the electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO. One of the complexes has a N-H group oriented towards the CO2 binding site (Co-H), while the other has a N-Me group with the same orientation (Co-Me), as showed by X-ray diffraction. We have studied the effect of introducing hydrogen bonding sites, i. e. N-H in Co-H, as a strategy to stabilize reaction intermediates. The complex bearing coordinating unprotected N-H group (Co-H) displays catalytic CO2 reduction at the Co-II/I redox potential (-1.9 V vs. Fc, ca. 40 % FYCO) whereas Co-Me shows CO2 reduction at the Co-I/0 redox pair. FTIR-SEC and DFT calculations identified a [Co-I-CO](+) cation as catalytic intermediate. The beneficial effect of the N-H group has been attributed to the stabilization of reaction intermediates or transition states and by the larger electron-donating capacity, thus enhancing the nucleophilic character of the Co-I intermediate. The study also points to the CO dissociation from the Co(I)-CO resting state intermediate as one of the bottlenecks of the catalytic cycle, which can be overcome with light irradiation, resulting in an increase of the total CO production (-1.9 V, 81 % FYCO, 11.2 TONCO) at the Co-II/I redox potential

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine for the Treatment of Emotional Blunting in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Experiencing Inadequate Response to SSRI/SNRI Monotherapy in Spain: Results from the COMPLETE Study

Michael Cronquist Christensen,1 Francesca Canellas,2,3 Henrik Loft,1 Ángel L Montejo4– 6 1H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark; 2Psychiatric Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; 3Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; 4Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; 5Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain; 6University of Salamanca, Faculty of Nursing, Salamanca, SpainCorrespondence: Michael Cronquist Christensen, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark, Tel +45 3083 5168, Email [email protected]: The multinational, open-label COMPLETE study (NCT03835715) investigated the effectiveness of vortioxetine in alleviating emotional blunting in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiencing inadequate response and emotional blunting while being treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This paper presents results for the subgroup of patients enrolled in Spain.Methods: Patients with MDD (n = 67) experiencing partial response and emotional blunting during monotherapy with an SSRI or SNRI were switched to vortioxetine (10– 20 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The primary study outcome was emotional blunting, assessed by the Oxford Depression Questionnaire (ODQ).Results: After 8 weeks of vortioxetine, the mean (SE) change in ODQ total score from baseline was − 26.0 (2.9) (P < 0.001). Respective changes in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Motivation and Energy Inventory, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total scores were − 14.9 (0.8), +34.2 (4.5), +6.3 (1.6), and ‒9.0 (1.3) (all P < 0.001 vs baseline). At week 8, 70.4% of patients no longer reported emotional blunting and 53.7% had achieved remission from their depressive symptoms (defined as a MADRS total score ≤ 10). Mediation analysis showed 77.1% of the change in SDS total score to be a direct effect of the improvement in ODQ total score after switching to vortioxetine. Adverse events were reported by 35 patients (52.2%), most commonly nausea (14 patients, 20.9%). At week 8, 33/54 patients (61.1%) were receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day.Conclusion: In this study investigating the effectiveness of vortioxetine in Spanish patients with MDD who experienced inadequate response and emotional blunting on SSRI/SNRI monotherapy, significant improvements in emotional blunting, core depressive symptoms (including anhedonia), sleep duration, motivation and energy, cognitive performance, and overall patient functioning were observed during the 8 weeks of treatment. Two-thirds of patients no longer reported emotional blunting and over half were in remission from their depressive symptoms at week 8.Keywords: emotional blunting, energy, major depressive disorder, motivation, patient functioning, vortioxetin

Estudo quimiométrico de características químicas e espectroscópicas de ácidos húmicos extraídos de solos com horizonte A antrópico.

Ácidos húmicos de solos escuros da Amazônia brasileira (Terra Preta do Índio) foram caracterizados utilizando-se espectroscopias de UV-Vis, DRIFT, Fluorescência nos modos de excitação e emissão, EPR, e RMN, análises termogravimétricas, composição elementar, e medidas de acidez (total, carboxílica e fenólica) e os dados obtidos foram avaliados por técnicas de estatística multivariada. A fração ácidos húmicos (AH) foi extraída utilizando-se o método da Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas (IHSS). Os AH foram separados em três grupos conforme o uso da terra: Solos antropogênicos sob floresta (SAF), solos antropogênicos sob cultivo (SAC) e solos não antropogênicos sob floresta (SNAF). Os solos do grupo SNAF são representativos dos Latossolos amazônicos e foram coletados em áreas adjacentes aos solos antropogênicos, sendo este o grupo referência para comparação com os grupos SAF e SAC. Análises estatístícas multivariadas (análise fatorial, análise de agrupamento e análise discriminante) foram aplicadas no estudo. A mais relevante caracteristica dos AH dos solos antropogênicos, comparado aos solos não antropogênicos foram sua superior reatividade, estabilidade, e grau de humificação. Os resultados obtidos também mostraram diferenças entre os AH dos grupos SAF e SAC

Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin.

Propriedades de fertilidade, carbono total (Ctot) e frações químicas da matéria orgânica (fração ácidos fúlvicos - FA, fração ácidos húmicos - HA e fração humina - HUM) foram comparados entre solos antrópicos (Terra Preta de Índio) e Latossolos sem horizonte A antrópico. Os solos antrópicos apresentaram maior fertilidade (pH: 5,1-5,4; S: 8,93-10,33 cmolc kg-1; CEC: 17,2-17,5 cmolc kg-1; V: 51-59 %; P: 116-291 mg kg-1) e maiores teores de carbono total (44,6-44,7 g kg-1) que os Latossolos (pH: 4,4; S: 2,04 cmolc kg-1; CEC: 9,5 cmolc kg-1; V: 21 %, P: 5 mg kg-1, Ctot: 37,9 g kg-1). Os solos antrópicos também tiveram distribuição diferenciada de C entre as frações das substâncias húmicas (FA, HÁ e HUM), expressa pelas razões HA:FA e EA:HUM (EA = HA + FA), que foram de 2,1-3,0 e 1,06-1,08 para as Terras Pretas de Índio e de 1,2 e 0,72 para Latossolos, respectivamente. Enquanto a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) de Latossolos apresentou correlação com a fração FA (r = 0,97), a CTC das Terras Pretas de Índio correlacionou-se com a fração HUM (r = 0,82). Essa correlação entre a fertilidade das Terras Pretas de Índio e a fração mais estável das substâncias húmicas (HUM) tem importantes implicações no desenvolvimento de modelos sustentáveis de manejo da fertilidade de solos em ecossistemas tropicais

Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin.

The Brazilian Amazon basin in soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio)

Microbulk Micromegas in non-flammable mixtures of argon and neon at high pressure

We report on a systematic characterization of microbulk Micromegas readouts in high-pressure Ar+1%iC4H10 and Ne+2%iC4H10 mixtures. Experimental data on gain, electron transmission and energy resolution are presented for a wide range of drift and amplification voltages and pressures from 1 bar to 10 bar for argon and from 5 bar to 10 bar in neon, in steps of 1 bar. Maximum gains higher than 1.7e3 (1.7e4) in argon (neon) are measured for all pressures, remarkably without the significant decrease with pressure typically observed in other amplification structures. A competitive energy resolution at 22.1 keV, but with a slight degradation with pressure, is observed:from 10.8% at 1 bar to 15.6% FWHM at 10 bar in argon and from 8.3% at 5 bar to 15.0% FWHM at1 10 bar in neon. The experimental setup, procedure and the results will be presented and discussed in detail. The work is motivated by the TREX-DM experiment, that is operating in the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc with the mentioned mixtures, although the results may be of interest for other applications of time projection chambers at high pressures.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, prepared for JINST, minor changes in th text, added a referenc