Cloning and regional localization of the mouse faciogenital dysplasia ( Fgd1 ) gene

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47027/1/335_2004_Article_BF00352375.pd

Activation of gene expression by human herpesvirus 6 is reporter gene-dependent

Infection with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was found to up-regulate expression of human immunodeficiency virus and human T cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat sequence (LTR), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gD chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) constructs transfected into the T cell line, J. Jhan. Activation by HHV-6 was due to one or more viral proteins produced early in infection and, in the case of the HTLV-I LTR, was synergistic to induction mediated by the HTLV-I tax gene product. Neither the HTLV-I enhancer nor basal promoter elements of the HSV-1 gD gene were essential for activation and no increase in accumulated HTLV-I mRNA was observed due to HHV-6 infection. Induction by HHV-6 was found to be dependent on the reporter construct used, because the CAT gene and, to a lesser extent, the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene were responsive to HHV-6 infection although no significant activation of growth hormone constructs was observed. Our results bear a strong resemblance to those obtained for the Epstein-Barr virus BMLF1 gene, indicating that the major HHV-6 trans-activator may be a homologue of this gene

Produtividade de cebola influenciada pela aplicação de micronutrientes Onion yield influenced by micronutrient application

A aplicação excessiva de fertilizantes, o uso de corretivos da acidez sem critérios técnicos adequados e o monocultivo são práticas comuns na região cebolicultora catarinense, e isso tem contribuído para o aparecimento de sintomas visuais de deficiências nutricionais, principalmente de micronutrientes. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de B, Zn e Mn na produtividade e na conservação de bulbos de cebola. Foram conduzidos três experimentos independentes, em campo, sendo um para cada nutriente, no município de Ituporanga, SC, de 2006 a 2009. Em cada experimento, os tratamentos consistiram de aplicações do micronutriente ao solo e de pulverizações foliares. As doses aplicadas ao solo variaram de 0 a 4 kg ha-1 para Zn, de 0 a 4,4 kg ha-1 para B e de 0 a 15,6 kg ha-1 para Mn. As pulverizações foliares, em número de seis a cada ano, foram realizadas a cada 14 dias, nas concentrações de 0,5 % de sulfato de zinco, de 0,25 % de ácido bórico e de 1,0 % de sulfato de manganês. A aplicação de Zn ao solo aumentou a produtividade de bulbos nas três safras, cujos incrementos variaram de 10 a 14,5 %. A dose de Zn que proporcionou a máxima produtividade de bulbos variou de 2,7 kg ha-1, na safra 2006/2007, para uma produtividade de 22,3 t ha-1, até a quantidade estimada de 4,5 kg ha-1, na safra 2008/2009, para produtividade de 35,6 t ha-1. A aplicação de Mn e de B, independentemente do modo de aplicação, e as pulverizações foliares com Zn não influenciaram a produtividade de cebola em nenhuma safra. A qualidade dos bulbos, avaliada por meio da ausência de deterioração durante 145 dias de armazenamento, não foi influenciada pela adição de Zn, B ou Mn. Assim, é importante aplicar Zn para a produção de bulbos de cebola em Cambissolos catarinenses, mesmo naqueles em que o teor desse nutriente no solo esteja acima do nível crítico considerado para os solos da região, provavelmente, em função da exigência da cultura.<br>The excessive use of fertilizers and liming as well as monoculture is rather common in the onion-producing region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Such practices have resulted in visual symptoms of micronutrient deficiency, mainly of micronutrients. This study aimed to measure the effect of B, Zn and Mn fertilizers on yield and quality of onion bulbs. Three individual trials, one for each nutrient, were carried out in the field, in Ituporanga, southern Brazil, from 2006 until 2009. In each experiment, treatments consisted of increasing rates of each micronutrient applied to the soil before planting and also of a single rate sprayed onto the leaves six times per season. Rates applied to the soil varied from 0 to 4 kg ha-1 for Zn, from 0 to 4.4 kg ha-1 for B, and from 0 to 15.6 kg ha-1 for Mn. The spray solutions contained zinc sulfate, boric acid and manganese sulfate, at concentrations of 0.5, 0.25 and 1.0 %, respectively. The application of Mn or B, regardless of the form, and Zn sprays, had no effect on onion yield in any growing season. The application of Zn to the soil increased onion yield in all three years, by 10-14.5 %. Maximum yield was obtained with Zn rates of 2.7 kg ha-1 in 2006/2007 (22.3 t ha-1), up to an estimated quantity of 4.5 kg ha-1 in 2008/2009 (35.6 t ha-1). The bulb quality was not affected by micronutrient application (Mn, B, or Zn), regardless of the form. It is therefore important to apply Zn to the soil for onion production in the State of Santa Catarina, even where Zn concentration exceeds the critical level established for the region, which is probably due to the requirement of this crop