Comportarea unor soiuri noi de măr la atacul focului bacterian

Fireblight -Erwinia amylovora Burill. Winslow is one of the most damaging for the apple culture in the many apple producing countries. Under ideal microclimate conditions it can destroy a young apple orchard in a single growing season, and by consequence it is very devastating not only for the apple production growing industry but for nurseries sector as well. In order to restrain and control the disease spread and damages, intensive researches are carried out in many fruit growing countries. This work aim was to assess the infection risks and early warning possibilities for the fire blight infections, under specific climatic conditions, using modern computer software, to assess the behavior of some new released and introduced apple varieties and to establish their susceptibility to natural occurred infections on active growing lateral shoots, in the latest years. According to the software forecast model, in the latest years, the infection risk with Erwinia amylovora on apples was high and very high from May to October. Under the given natural and technological conditions, the most sensitive apple varieties to fireblight attack were: Auriu de Bistrita (ROM) DD%=45.0; Dalinco and Dalinred (FRA) DD%=30-45.0; Topaz (CEH) DD%=35.0; Crimson Crisp and Idared (USA) DD%=35.0; Red Jonaprince (NL), Fuji Kiku Clone 8 (JPN) DD%=15.0.During the identified risk periods the apple trees need special prunings and preventive treatments with plant protection products including copper hydroxide and fosetil-aluminium, to keep them in good phytosanitary status. In order to better manage the fireblight disease, breeding o new tolerant or resistant apple varieties is always actual and a constant request

Antifungal effect of some steroidal glycoalkaloids on monilinia fructigena (ADERH. & RUHL.) honey fungus

Monilinia fructigena is the pathogen responsible for the appearance of brown rot and mummification of apple fruit present anywhere this species is grown. In Romania, the fungus attack is frequently in the apple orchards every year, depending on the environmental conditions, variety resistance, pathogen control management. The antifungal activity aainst this pathogen of steroidal glycoalcaloids extracted from Solanum species was tested in vitro. The steroidal glycoalkaloids considered were: solanine, solanidine, tomatine, solamargine, chaconine. Of these, a structural group, encoded GLY, was selected as one of the active components of a patented biofungicide. It was tested in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% and compared with the control. The biological material was represented by the isolated Monilinia fructigena (Mf 7), collected on apple fruit, the Idared variety, originated from RIFG Maracineni. The fungus did not develop in the first 3 days of incubation in any of the experimental variants. After 6 days of observation, the fungus developed at variants of GLY 0.1%, GLY 0.5% and control. The maximum mycelial diameter was determined in the control variant with 73.3 mm after 12 days of observation. In the GLY0.1% variant the diameter of the colony was 50 mm and in the GLY 0.5% variant the diameter of the fungus colony reached 8.2 mm, after 12 days of observation. In GLY 1% variant fungus did not develop throughout the observation period. Efficacy was maximal (E = 100%) in the GLY1% variant, followed by the GLY0.5% variant, with the efficacy of 88.8%. The EC 50 and EC 90 values were 0. 21% and 0.75% for the data obtained after 12 days of observation

ASPECTS REGARDING GRAFT/ROOTSTOCK BIOSYSTEM OF APRICOT CULTIVARS NJA 42 AND CEA MAI BUNA DE UNGARIA ON REDDISH PRELUVOSOIL FROM THE CENTRAL ZONE OF OLTENIA

This paper presents the installation depth of horizontal roots of the apricot species, as part of a plantation established in 1999, at the Didactic Station Banu Maracine. The research was carried out on the apricot cultivar ’NJA 42’, ’Cea mai buna de Ungaria’ grafted on the ’Miroval’ rootstock, using the profile method in the spring of 2012. It was ascertained that the maximum installation depth of horizontal roots with the diameter between 3-5 mm was up to 40 cm, those with the diameter of over 5 mm being found to the depth of 60 cm, and those with the depth of up to 3 mm were found on the entire depth of the soil profile (0-100 cm). The largest share of roots (over 2/3) was found on the depth of 0-30 cm, thus it is recommended that the depth of incorporation of mineral and organic fertilizers be superficial, respectively the working depth in the orchard be up to 20 cm

RESEARCH CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME GRAFT/ROOTSTOCK BIO- SYSTEMS IN THE GROWING PROCESS OF SOME PLUM CULTIVARS

This paper highlights the way of behaviour in the growing proces of some plum varieties grafted on various rootstocks as part of a plantation located nearby the city of Craiova. Research was caried out on thre plum varieties during 2010-2012 – ‘Renclod Althan’, ‘Alina’ and ‘Valor’- grafted on 3 rootstocks – ‘Oteşani 8’, ‘Pixy’ and ‘Miroval’, looking at the surface of the trunk’s section ,the diameter of the crown, the volume of the crown, the height of the tres and the extent to which the land was ocupied. The findings from the conducted study indicate that the ‘Miroval’ rootstock imprints the studied plum varieties the biggest growth vigour, being folowed by the ‘Pixy’ rootstock, while the ‘Oteşani 8’ rootstock imprints the lowest vigour

Aliénation et absurde dans le "nouveau théâtre" (eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Arthur Adamov)

Ayant vécu les grands désastres des deux guerres mondiales, trois dramaturges de cultures et d horizons très divers, Eugène Ionesco, le Roumain, Samuel Beckett, l Irlandais et Arthur Adamov, l Arménien, se fraient un chemin à part dans lepaysage théâtral des années 1950, exprimant leur sentiment d aliénation face à un monde incompréhensible et irrationnel où l homme vit l expérience irrémédiable de l absurde. Peignant, chacun à sa manière, la condition de l être jeté dans le tourbillon existentiel, condamné à mener une existence absurde qui le dépossède de lui-même, ils construisent,en même temps, un théâtre nouveau , métaphysique, symbolique et allégorique, basé sur une réutilisation de procédés esthétiques et dramatiques très anciens, au service d une réflexion philosophique neuve, moderne, très proche de la philosophie existentialiste. L hypothèse d interprétation du caractère allégorique de ce nouveau théâtre interroge l existence comme acte d une possible liberté éprouvée dans la confrontation avec l aliénation et l absurde, capable de l éclairer et de lui donner un sens, à travers l analyse de ses strates successives : les fondements philosophiques et dramatiques, la perception de l espace théâtral qui fait découvrir des êtres dépersonnalisés aux propos désarticulés, présentés dans une durée déstructurée, par le jeu de pulsions premières.Having lived through the tremendous disasters of the two world wars, three playwrights from different cultural backgrounds with different views, Eugene Ionesco the Romanian, Samuel Beckett the Irish and Arthur Adamov the Armenian opened up a new way in the 1950 s theatrical scenery, by expressing their feeling of alienation in an incomprehensible and irrational orld where human beings live the incurable experience of the Absurd. Exposing, each one in his particular manner, the condition of the human being thrown into the abyss of life, condemned to a meaningless existence which leads inevitably to strangement, the three playwrights are also building a new , metaphysical, symbolic and allegorical theatre, based on old raditional aesthetic and artistic procedures, yet serving a modern philosophical approach, profoundly related to existentialism. The interpretative hypothesis of this new allegorical theatre questions human life as a possible act of liberty tested in its confrontation with the feelings of alienation and absurd, capable of enlightening it by giving it meaning, throughout the analysis of each and every one of its successive strata: the philosophical and dramatic basis, the perception of the theatrical space, unveiling estranged human beings using distorted speech, presented in a devastated duration by the means of primary urges.ARRAS-Bib.electronique (620419901) / SudocSudocFranceF

BEHAVIOR OF SOME ROMANIAN WALNUT VARIETIES TO SCIAPHOBUS SQUALIDUS GYLL. ATTACK

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important species for the European and Romanian fruit growing, but, despite its resilience, it can be attacked by specific pests which due to the climatic changes became more active than in the past. This paper presents results on the behavior of some Romanian walnut varieties to the bud weevil Sciaphobus squalidus Gyll attack during 2012- 2014 vegetation period. For the pest, the most favorable years were 2013 and 2014 when the pest incidence (PESINC%) was 11.48-11.88 % and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.2- 2.3. All these years the most affected walnut cultivars were ‘Roxana’, ‘Geoagiu 65’, ‘Recular RM’‘Jupanesti’, for which the pest incidence (PESINC%) ranged between 5.17-6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 2.0-2.5. The other cultivars (‘Mihaela’ and ‘Bratia) were more resilient to the pest attack, for these,the average pest incidence (PESINC%) was between 5.17% and 6.42% and the pest severity (PESSEV0--3) was rated with 1.8-1.9

Isolation of Plasmopara viticola from Grapevine Leaves

In order to test some biofungicides, the isolation of Plasmopara viticola was carried out.Plasmopara viticola is a fungus that causes the grapevine downy mildew disease [...

The Benefits of Applying Compost in Agriculture as <i>Aronia</i> Crops Fertilizer

Introduction: This paper presents the preliminary results of a study that aims to emphasize the compost effect, when used as fertilizer, in Aronia melanocarpa crops [...

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Skin Cancers: A Review

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in physiologic processes such as embryogenesis and wound healing. A similar mechanism occurs in some tumors where cells leave the epithelial layer and gain mesenchymal particularities in order to easily migrate to other tissues. This process can explain the invasiveness and aggressiveness of these tumors which metastasize, by losing the epithelial phenotype (loss of E-cadherin, desmoplakin, and laminin-1) and acquiring mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin). Complex changes and interactions happen between the tumor cells and the microenvironment involving different pathways, transcription factors, altered expression of adhesion molecules, reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, production of ECM-degrading enzymes, and changes in specific microRNAs. The purpose of this review is to determine particularities of the EMT process in the most common malignant cutaneous tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) which still have an increasingly high incidence. More studies are required on this topic in order to establish clear correlations. High costs related to skin cancer therapies in general as well as high impact on patients’ quality of life demand finding new, reliable prognostic and therapeutic markers with significant public health impact