Suitable Ovariectomy Age for Screening the Functional Agents by Femoral Bone Strength in Osteoporosis Model Rats

Abstract Osteoporosis is a major contributor to the high frequency of bone fracture in elderly women. The ovariectomized (OVX) rat is one of the excellent pre-clinical animal model of osteoporosis. Following ovariectomy, rapid loss of cancellous bone mass and strength occurs. Maximum breaking force of the femoral diaphysis is a major parameter to determine the severity of the osteoporosis directly. Although, the suitable age at ovariectomy remains obscure to evaluate the maximum breaking force of the femoral diaphysis. Accordingly, the suitable rat age at ovariectomy to evaluate the maximum breaking force of the femoral diaphysis for screening of therapeutic or functional agents was determined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (6, 13 or 30 week-old) were used. Rats of each age were divided into two groups; underwent bilateral OVX and underwent bilateral laparotomy (sham). All rats were fed an AIN93G-based normal diet for further 10 weeks. Reduction of maximum bone strength in femur and increase of body weight gain were observed only in 6 week-old OVX rats after 10-week acclimatization, whereas the difference was obscure in 13 and 30 week-old OVX rats. Therefore, ovariectomy at 6 week-old was the suitable age for osteoporosis model to screen the effects of functional agents in rats

タモギタケから単離したエルゴチオネインの生体内抗酸化性に関する研究

We investigated the serum antioxidative activity in the hepatic portal vein at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the injection of 0.1% ergothioneine into the small intestine of rats using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Furthermore, we attempted to identify ergothioneine in the rat serum by electric spray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS). No changes were observed in the ORAC values from the hepatic portal vein of rats administered and those not administered ergothioneine. Further, no molecular ion peaks were observed in the rat serum by the ESI-LC-MS

リン酸架橋でん粉のラットにおける脂質代謝改善作用

We investigated the effect of raw distarch potato starch (DPS) on lipid metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a 60% sucrose diet (control) and or one of 3 test diets containing 100 g/kg of DPS, native potato starch (NPS) or alkali-treated starch (ATS). DPS, NPS, and ATS contain 837 ppm, 818 ppm, and 818 ppm of phosphorous, respectively. There were no differences in final body weight among the rats fed the control, NPS, ATS, and DPS diets for 4 weeks. Rats fed the DPS diet had significantly smaller epididymal and perirenal fat pads than did the control rats (P<0.05). We also found that rats fed the DPS and NPS diets had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels than did the control rats. Lower hepatic triglyceride concentrations were also seen in the DPS-and ATS-fed rats (-47 and -50%, respectively)compared to the controls. From these results, DPS, NPS and ATS can be seen to affect lipid metabolism in rats, with the greatest effect seen in the DPS group. The digestion of distarch phosphate of potato origin in the small intestine is suggested to have a large effect on the above mechanism

タモギタケから単離したエルゴチオネインの加熱および各pHにおける抗酸化性への影響

エルゴチオネインの抗酸化性について加熱温度および各pHの影響をORAC分析法で調べた。1) タモギタケから得た精製エルゴチオネインは、ORAC法においてグルタチオン、L-システイン、L-メチオニンなどのチオール基含有アミノ酸および含硫アミノ酸と比べ抗酸化活性が高かった。DPPHラジカル消去活性評価法による測定においても同様の結果を示した。2) 精製したエルゴチオネインおよびエルゴチオネインを含む抽出物は、加熱温度や各pHで抗酸化性が変わらず、安定的に抗酸化能を有する化合物であることが、ORAC法において確認された。We investigated the effects of heat and pH on the antioxidative activity of ergothioneine from Pleurotus cornucopiae using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods. The ORAC assayed showed that ergothioneine maintained high antioxidative activity at 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100℃. Proportional decreases in the antioxidative activity of L-ascorbic acid and garlic acid were observed with increases in temperature. L-ascorbic acid, in particular, showed a large reduction in ORAC value, with the antioxidative activity at 100℃ only 23% that at 25℃. Ergothioneine and garlic acid showed high antioxidative activity for 7 days under acidic or neutral conditions (pH 3.0, pH 5.0, and pH 7.0). Furthermore, ergothioneine maintained its antioxidative activity for 7 days under neutral and alkali conditions (pH 7.2 and pH 9.0), whereas that of garlic acid decreased to about 70% at day 3. The antioxidative activity of L-ascorbic acid decreased at every pH as time increased. From these results, it appears that ergothioneine is an excellent antioxidant on which heat and pH have little effect. Further, we found that ergothioneine has the highest level of antioxidative activity of the four amino acids tested (ergothioneine, glutathione, L-methionine and L-cysteine)

小麦粉の一部に化工澱粉を添加した食パンの調理科学的特性

Recently, there have been many reports regarding bread in which a portion of the flour is replaced with one of three chemically-modified starches. in order to improve the availability of starch and coarse cereals. This study aimed to develop cooked and processed food that would be suitable for those with illnesses requiring a restriction on protein intake and examine the properties and foodscience-related characteristics of bread in which a portion of the flour was replaced with chemicallymodified starch produced from potatoes to enhance the function of starch. In this experiment, we measured the water content, color tone and properties of the bread, and carried out sensory tests. The experimental results suggested that the starchsubstituted bread, showed distinctive properties. Based on these results, we speculate that it is possible to produce tasty bread by further examining the types and composition ratio of starch substitutes

加工澱粉糊液の性状に関する研究

Hokkaido potatoes are widely used as a source of starch. Potato starch is used for various purposes,particularly for the production of fish paste products,livestock products, and confectionery. Moreover, modified starch, which is produced by processing potato starch chemically and physically, is used in a variety of forms. This study examines the properties of modified starch gels produced by further enhancing the starch functions of potato starch. To study the primary properties of starch gels, color tone tests, viscosity measurements, and texture measurements were performed. Acetylated distarch phosphate gel had the highest values, followed byhydroxypropyl distarch phosphate gel,starch acetate gel,and potato starch gel. As for the degree of viscosity, hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate gel was the thickest,followed by acetylated distarch phosphate gel,potato starch gel,and starch acetate gel. In this experiment, changes in the properties of modified starch gels were observed as compared with those of potato starch gel. In the future,we would like to compare various types of modified starch and the effects of being frozen or defrosted on starch properties

Intestinal absorption and metabolism of a soluble flavonoid, alphaG-rutin, in portal cannulated rats.

A highly soluble quercetin glycoside, αG-rutin, is a glucose adduct of insoluble rutin, and intestinal absorption and metabolism of αG-rutin has not been known. We investigated the intestinal absorption and metabolism of αG-rutin by using portal and duodenal cannulated rats and the isolated rat intestinal mucosa. After a duodenal instillation of αG-rutin (150 μmol), intact αG-rutin, rutin and quercetin were appeared in the portal blood and these concentrations were similarly increased at 15 min. Portal quercetin reached a peak value at 60 min, and the value was higher than those of αG-rutin and rutin at that time. Quercetin-conjugates were also increased 30 min after the instillation. The remaining of αG-rutin metabolites, mainly rutin, in the intestine were 58% of instilled αG-rutin after 150 min. In the experiment by using the isolated mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and cecum, αG-rutin and rutin, but not quercetin, appeared in the serosal sides of all segments, and they were increased linearly from 10 to 100 mmol/l of mucosal αG-rutin. We also showed portal injected αG-rutin was very rapidly cleared from the blood, and appeared a large amount of conjugates. In conclusion, a soluble flavonoid-glycoside, αG-rutin, was absorbed as glycosides into the portal blood. A part of αG-rutin was hydrolyzed to rutin, but not to aglycone, through the intestine.http://www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com