18,571 research outputs found

    SPIDER X - Environmental effects in central and satellite early-type galaxies through the stellar fossil record

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    A detailed analysis of how environment affects the star formation history of early-type galaxies (ETGs) is undertaken via high signal to noise ratio stacked spectra obtained from a sample of 20,977 ETGs (morphologically selected) from the SDSS-based SPIDER survey. Two major parameters are considered for the study: the central velocity dispersion (sigma), which relates to local drivers of star formation, and the mass of the host halo, which relates to environment-related effects. In addition, we separate the sample between centrals (the most massive galaxy in a halo) and satellites. We derive trends of age, metallicity, and [alpha/Fe] enhancement, with sigma. We confirm that the major driver of stellar population properties in ETGs is velocity dispersion, with a second-order effect associated to the central/satellite nature of the galaxy. No environmental dependence is detected for satellite ETGs, except at low sigma - where satellites in groups or in the outskirts of clusters tend to be younger than those in the central regions of clusters. In contrast, the trends for centrals show a significant dependence on halo mass. Central ETGs in groups (i.e. with a halo mass >10^12.5 M_Sun) have younger ages, lower [alpha/Fe], and higher internal reddening, than "isolated" systems (i.e. centrals residing in low-mass, <10^12.5 M_Sun, halos). Our findings imply that central ETGs in groups formed their stellar component over longer time scales than "isolated" centrals, mainly because of gas-rich interactions with their companion galaxies.Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

    The Role of Fermions in Bubble Nucleation

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    We present a study of the role of fermions in the decay of metastable states of a scalar field via bubble nucleation. We analyze both one and three-dimensional systems by using a gradient expansion for the calculation of the fermionic determinant. The results of the one-dimensional case are compared to the exact results of previous work.Comment: 15 pages, revtex, 9 figure

    A Tolman Surface Brightness Test for Universal Expansion, and the Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies in Distant Clusters

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    We use the intercept of the elliptical galaxy radius--surface brightness (SB) relation at a fixed metric radius as the standard condition for the Tolman SB test of the universal expansion. We use surface photometry in the optical and near-IR of elliptical galaxies in Abell~2390 (z=0.23z=0.23) and Abell~851 (z=0.41z=0.41), and compare them to the Coma cluster at z0z\approx 0. The photometric data for each cluster are well-described by the Kormendy relation reΣeAr_e \propto \Sigma_e^{A}, where A=0.9A=-0.9 in the optical and A=1.0A=-1.0 in the near-IR. The scatter about this near-IR relation is only 0.0760.076 in logre\log r_e at the highest redshift, which is much smaller than at low redshifts, suggesting a remarkable homogeneity of the cluster elliptical population at z=0.41z=0.41. We use the intercept of these fixed-slope correlations at Re=1R_e = 1~kpc (assuming H0=75H_0=75~km~s1^{-1}~Mpc1^{-1}, Ω0=0.2\Omega_0=0.2, and Λ0=0\Lambda_0=0, where the results are only weakly dependent on the cosmology) to construct the Tolman SB test for these three clusters. The data are fully consistent with universal expansion if we assume simple models of passive evolution for elliptical galaxies, but are inconsistent with a non-expanding geometry (the tired light cosmology) at the 5σ5 \, \sigma confidence level at z=0.41z=0.41. These results suggest luminosity evolution in the restframe KK-band of 0.36±0.140.36 \pm 0.14~mag from z=0.41z = 0.41 to the present, and are consistent with the ellipticals having formed at high redshift. The SB intercept in elliptical galaxy correlations is thus a powerful tool for investigating models of their evolution for significant lookback times.Comment: to appear in The Astrophysical Journal (Letters); 13 pages, including 3 Postscript figures and 1 table; uuencoded, compressed format; the paper is also available in various formats from http://astro.caltech.edu/~map/map.bibliography.refereed.htm

    Improved semiclassical density matrix: taming caustics

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    We present a simple method to deal with caustics in the semiclassical approximation to the thermal density matrix of a particle moving on the line. For simplicity, only its diagonal elements are considered. The only ingredient we require is the knowledge of the extrema of the Euclidean action. The procedure makes use of complex trajectories, and is applied to the quartic double-well potential.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

    Detecção de Potyvirus em bucha (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.) no estado do Pará.

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    A bucha (Luffa cyllindrica (L.) Roem.) é uma trepadeira da família das cucurbitáceas cultivada especialmente pelas fibras do fruto seco, que tem vários usos principalmente como esfregão de banho. Folhas de plantas apresentando mosaico amarelo no município de Baião foram coletadas levadas para proceder a diagnose no laboratório de fitopatologia da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para a identificação do vírus foi realizado o teste sorológico PTA-ELISA onde se testou a amostra da bucha contra os antissoros específicos para Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) e Squash mosaic virus (SMV). Extrato da folha da bucha com mosaico reagiu positivamente com o antissoro do ZYMV indicando se tratar de potyvirus. Assim, a comprovação de que o mosaico da bucha é causado por potyvirus foi feita via RT-PCR utilizando primers específico para o gênero. Além da sorologia foi realizada a purificação parcial do vírus, extração de RNA viral seguido do RT-PCR onde utilizou o par de primers universal (WCIEN e PV1) para espécies virais do gênero Potyvirus. Após eletroforese para análise do produto da RT-PCR observou-se a presença do fragmento de DNA do tamanho esperado de aproximadamente 800 pb confirmando a presença de potyvirus. Plantas de bucha infectadas podem servir de fonte de inóculo para outras plantas cultivadas como abóbora e pepin

    Identificação de Cucumber mosaic virus em pimenta no estado do Pará.

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    A pimenta (Capsicum chinense e C. frutescens) é bastante cultivada no estado do Pará, mas algumas doenças podem limitar sua produção. É comum observar plantas com sintomas de viroses. Assim, este trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar os vírus que ocorrem em plantios de pimenta. Foram coletadas amostras de plantios no município de Santa Izabel e em Belém. Para isso, foi realizada a inoculação em plantas indicadoras, extração de acido nucleico, os testes de RT-PCR e sequenciamento nucleotídico. Foram analisadas quatro amostras provenientes de Santa Izabel e duas de Belém. Os isolados virais foram transmitidos mecanicamente para plantas indicadoras de vírus Nicotiana tabacco cv. TNN e N. tabacum cv. Turkish que apresentaram mosaico foliar. A partir de folhas infectadas de fumo foi feita a extração do ácido nucléico total. Posteriormente, foi feito o teste de RT-PCR, utilizando os pares de primers CMV-CPR e CMV-CPF para detecção de Cucumber mosaic virus ? CMV e PV1 e WCIEN para espécies do gênero Potyvirus. As amostras foram positivas para o CMV, pois amplificaram o gene da capa proteica de aproximadamente 700pb. O produto PCR de dois isolados (Belém e Santa Izabel) foram sequenciados e analisados utilizando os programas Blast e ClustalW. Os dois isolados apresentaram identidade de aminoácido de 98% quando comparados com acessos disponíveis no GenBank. Este foi o primeiro relato de Cucumber mosaic virus no estado do Pará. Até o momento foi identificado apenas o CMV em pimentais no Pará, sendo este considerado um dos principais vírus relatados no Brasil no gênero Capsicum sp
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