Teacher Wellbeing: The Importance of Teacher–Student Relationships

Many studies have examined the importance of teacher-student relationships for the development of children. Much less is known, however, about how these relationships impact the professional and personal lives of teachers. This review considers the importance of teacher-student relationships for the wellbeing of teachers guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Lazarus (1991). Based on theories on interpersonal relationships, it is postulated that teachers have a basic need for relatedness with the students in their class that originates from the close proximity between teacher and student. It is discussed that teachers internalize experiences with students in representational models of relationships that guide emotional responses in daily interactions with students, and changes teacher wellbeing in the long run. In addition, the notion of mental representations of relationships at different levels of generalization could offer a window to understand how individual teacher-student relationships may affect the professional and personal self-esteem of teachers. Lastly, it is argued that the influence of student misbehavior on teacher stress may be more fully understood from a relationship perspective. The review shows that few studies have directly tested these propositions and offers suggestions for future research

Effect of Future Distributed Energy Resources Penetration Levels on a Local Electricity Market

Local electricity markets are likely to be implemented in future distribution grids to deal with the increase of various distributed energy resources. However, the number and type of distributed energy resources connected to the grid will probably increase and change even after implementing such a market, potentially creating a situation where a local electricity market initially operates satisfactorily but is unsatisfactory in a future scenario. Therefore, this paper aims to determine if there are future scenarios of distributed energy resource penetration in which a local congestion pricing market functions unsatisfactory by increasing the penetration levels of electric vehicles and photovoltaic panels. It was found that future scenarios of distributed energy resource penetration exist wherein market participants are limited too often and price increases become too high. Increasing device flexibility, upgrading grid components, and implementing additional market components are given as possible solution

Challenges for large-scale Local Electricity Market implementation reviewed from the stakeholder perspective

Research simulations and real-life pilots tested many different Local Electricity Market (LEM) applications and methods and have demonstrated that LEMs can solve problems in the distribution grid caused by the energy transition while allowing broader market participation. Significant progress on LEM development has been made, but challenges could nonetheless exist between LEM research and large-scale implementation. Simulations and pilots occur in controlled environments and can, therefore, ignore LEM stakeholder requirements, making it likely that there are still challenges between LEM research and large-scale implementation. It is, therefore, essential to look at challenges between LEM research and implementation from the stakeholder's perspective while considering all requirements. This study aims to find the existing challenges between LEM research and large-scale implementation by first determining the stakeholders of LEMs and their requirements for LEM implementation. Next, using these requirements to find state-of-the-art literature on LEMs to create an overview of these studies. Finally, to find existing challenges between LEM research and implementation, the LEMs in the overview are analyzed and compared to the stakeholder requirements and power system and market aspects four separate times. The necessity of using a local energy market framework with a clearly defined market system, the lack of clear responsibilities for and fairness of subsequent settlement of deviations, the absence of consideration for data privacy and the reduced LEM effectiveness due to human decisions were determined to be challenges that currently stand between LEM research and large-scale LEM implementation

The State of the Art in Local Energy Markets: A Comparative Review

System operators are facing a significant challenge with the increasing number of distributed energy resources (DER) in the distribution grid. Local energy markets (LEM) are a solution to this challenge as these allow system operators to use DERs for alleviating grid congestions and aiding with supply-demand balancing. Continuously, studies on how to improve the capabilities of LEMs are conducted around the world. Inevitably causing differences in methodology and, possibly, missed opportunities. Therefore, in this paper, a comparative overview is given of state-of-the-art literature by classifying literature on four properties (transactivity, inclusivity, congestion management, and balancing) of LEMs. The goal is to observe the current progress of state-of-the-art studies on LEMs, align these studies, and give recommendations on structuring future LEM research. The recommendations found are the use of a standardized underlying structure, or framework, such that LEMs with different properties are compatible and work together if combined, the creation of a benchmark such that performance of LEMs is easy to compare, and considering the settlement problem of lacking reference profiles

Modeling a Domestic All-Electric Air-Water Heat-Pump System for Discrete-Time Simulations

Heat pumps are expected to significantly affect future distribution grids, necessitating their inclusion in future distribution grid research. This research will include discrete-time simulations, which will require time-step adaptable and detailed models of heat pumps. These models exist, but often with simplified heat demands and constant or inflexible coefficients of performance, making them less accurate. In this work, a heat pump model is developed for discrete-time simulations with varying weather conditions, operating set-points, and an accurate coefficient of performance. The model produces realistic yearly heat demands, coefficients of performance, and power consumption

The relative contribution of peer acceptance and individual and class-level teacher-child interactions to kindergartners' behavioral development

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The present longitudinal study examined the relative contribution of peer acceptance and individual and class-level teacher–child interactions to the development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in kindergarten. A sample of 237 children (49% boys, M age = 5.19 years) from 36 classrooms was followed during three waves in kindergarten. Individual and class-level teacher–child interactions were observed, while peer ratings were used to assess peer acceptance, and teacher ratings to assess child behavior. Multilevel modelling showed that children's aggressive and anxious-fearful behavior was stable over time. Children who had more negative individual interactions with their teachers at the start of kindergarten displayed higher levels of externalizing behavior. Children whose teacher displayed more sensitive interactions at the class-level had lower levels of internalizing problems. Our study underscores the importance of including both individual and class-level teacher–child interactions and including several dimensions of the emotional component of teacher–child interactions in future research.status: publishe

Nonmonotonic trust management for P2P applications

We show that community decisions about access control in virtual communities cannot be expressed in current trust management languages. The problem is that trust management languages such as the family of Role Based Trust Management languages (RT) are monotonic. To solve the problem we propose RT-, which adds a restricted form of negation to the standard RT language, thus admitting a controlled form of non-monotonicity. The semantics of RT- is presented in terms of the well-founded semantics for Logic Programs. An implementation of RT- is given using XSB

Nonmonotonic Trust Management for P2P Applications

We show that community decisions about access control in virtual communities cannot be expressed in current trust management languages. The problem is that trust management languages such as the family of Role Based Trust Management languages (RT) are monotonic. To solve the problem we propose RT-, which adds a restricted form of negation to the standard RT language, thus admitting a controlled form of non-monotonicity. The semantics of RT- is presented in terms of the well-founded semantics for Logic Programs. An implementation of RT- is given using XSB