Comparison of characteristics between patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and simple aspergilloma (SA) underwent bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis.

<p>Comparison of characteristics between patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and simple aspergilloma (SA) underwent bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis.</p

Flow chart of the study population with CPA who underwent BAE for life-threatening hemoptysis.

<p>CPA, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis; BAE, bronchial artery embolization. * One case of clinical failure of the first BAE is included.</p

Clinical outcomes of the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis underwent bronchial arterial embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis.

<p>Clinical outcomes of the patients with pulmonary aspergillosis underwent bronchial arterial embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis.</p

Association of IS<i>Mav6</i> with the Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance in Korean <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Clinical Isolates but No Relevance between Their Genotypes and Clinical Features

<div><p>The aim of this study was to genetically characterize clinical isolates from patients diagnosed with <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> lung disease and to investigate the clinical significance. Multi-locus sequencing analysis (MLSA) and pattern of insertion sequence analysis of <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> isolates from 92 Korean patients revealed that all isolates were <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subspecies <i>hominissuis</i>. In <i>hsp65</i> sequevar analysis, codes 2, 15, and 16 were most frequently found (88/92) with similar proportions among cases additionally two isolates belonging to code N2 and an unreported code were identified, respectively. In insertion element analysis, all isolates were IS<i>1311</i> positive and IS<i>900</i> negative. Four of the <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> isolates did not harbor IS<i>1245</i> and 1 of the <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> isolates intriguingly harbored DT1, which is thought to be a <i>M</i>. <i>intracellulare</i>-specific element. <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> harboring IS<i>Mav6</i> is prevalent in Korea. No significant association between clinical manifestation and treatment response has been found in patients with the <i>hsp65</i> code type and IS<i>Mav6</i>, indicating that no specific strain/genotype among <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> organisms was a major source of <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> lung disease. Interestingly, the presence of IS<i>Mav6</i> was correlated with greater resistance to moxifloxacin. Conclusively, the genotype of Korean <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> isolates is not a disease determinant responsible for lung disease and specific virulent factors of <i>M</i>. <i>avium</i> subsp. <i>hominissuis</i> need to be investigated further.</p></div

Angiographic findings and bronchial artery embolization in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.

<p>Angiographic findings and bronchial artery embolization in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.</p

Cumulative recurrence rates following BAE in patients with CPA (solid line) and patients with SA (dotted line) (<i>P</i> = 0.061, log-rank test).

<p>BAE, bronchial artery embolization; CPA, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.</p

Baseline characteristics of patients with tuberculosis.

<p>IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis; ICU, intensive care unit; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p><p>^aThe data are presented as medians (IQR) for age, body mass index, and hemoglobin and as n (%) for all other factors.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of patients with tuberculosis.</p

Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated <i>rpoB</i> and <i>hsp65</i> sequences using the neighbor-joining method with Kimura’s two-parameter distance correction model.

<p>Bootstrap analyses determined from 1,000 replicates are indicated at the nodes. Bar, 0.5% difference in nucleotide sequence. GenBank accession numbers are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148917#pone.0148917.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0148917#pone.0148917.s001" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>.</p

Baseline characteristics of the 24 study patients with MABC lung disease.

<p>MABC: <i>M. abscessus</i> complex; IQR: interquartile ranges; DM: diabetes mellitus; TB: tuberculosis; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.</p><p>Categorical variables were denoted as the No. of patients (%).</p><p>Continuous variables were denoted as median values (IQR).</p><p>Baseline characteristics of the 24 study patients with MABC lung disease.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study patients and nodules.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the study patients and nodules.</p