Bacteriological study of the liver of cattle for dicroceliosis

The article presents the results of organoleptic and microbiological studies of the chilled liver of cattle affected by the helminth Dicrocoelium lanceatum. The main goal was to determine how temperature regimes affect the quality and safety of the liver of cattle affected by dicrocelia and its contamination with microflora. An organoleptic examination of all animal slaughter products was carried out. According to organoleptic indicators, meat products did not differ from healthy ones, and only liver damage was noted. The liver is filled with blood, and the edges are dulled, the gallbladder is enlarged and filled with dark green bile, mucus and helminths. It was established that the liver is contaminated with microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which were found on the 8th day of storage. Storage of the liver at a temperature of 0 °C for a day in samples No. 1, 4, 5 revealed bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, which increased by 27.7 % in the first sample; in the fourth for 10 days – by 16.1 %; 15 days in the 5th sample – by 10.8 % compared to the control, and also in the fifth sample Proteus vulgaris was isolated, which was 17.4 % and Staphylococcus aureus – 13.5 %. In the third tested sample, on the 8th day, bacteria of the Staphylococcus aureus species were found, which was 41.6 %. With a weak intensity of liver damage and contamination with the microflora of 31 CFU/cm3, slaughter products, namely the affected parts of the liver, are sent for disposal, and the non-affected parts of the liver and carcass are subjected to heat treatment and released for sale without restrictions. Following the current normative documents DSTU 4831:2006, DSTU 7444:2013, and DSTU ISO 6888-1:2003, with a high intensity of infestation, as well as in slaughter products, including liver, for the detection of more than 30 CFU/cm3, such a slaughter product is considered not fresh and subject to disposal. During the storage of beef liver for 15 days at a temperature of 0 °C, certain changes were detected, namely: the parenchyma of the organ is gray, has an unpleasant smell, the surface is covered with mucus, the consistency is flabby, the pit does not align when pressed with a finger

Skyrmionic textures in chiral magnets

In non-centrosymmetric magnets the chiral Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange stabilizes Skyrmion-strings as excitations which may condense into multiply modulated phases. Such extended Skyrmionic textures are determined by the stability of the localized "solitonic" Skyrmion cores and their geometrical incompatibility which frustrates regular space-filling. We present numerically exact solutions for Skyrmion lattices and formulate basic properties of the Skyrmionic states.Comment: Conference information: The International Conference on Magnetism (ICM), Karlsruhe, July 26 - 31, 200

Theory of vortex states in magnetic nanodisks with induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions

Vortex states in magnetic nanodisks are essentially affected by surface/interface induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. Within a micromagnetic approach we calculate the equilibrium sizes and shape of the vortices as functions of magnetic field, the material and geometrical parameters of nanodisks. It was found that the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling can considerably increase sizes of vortices with "right" chirality and suppress vortices with opposite chirality. This allows to form a bistable system of homochiral vortices as a basic element for storage applications.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Influence of spin polarization on resistivity of a two-dimensional electron gas in Si MOSFET at metallic densities

Positive magnetoresistance (PMR) of a silicon MOSFET in parallel magnetic fields B has been measured at high electron densities n >> n_c where n_c is the critical density of the metal-insulator transition (MIT). It turns out that the normalized PMR curves, R(B)/R(0), merge together when the field is scaled according to B/B_c(n) where B_c is the field in which electrons become fully spin polarized. The values of B_c have been calculated from the simple equality between the Zeeman splitting energy and the Fermi energy taking into account the experimentally measured dependence of the spin susceptibility on the electron density. This extends the range of validity of the scaling all the way to a deeply metallic regime far away from MIT. The subsequent analysis of PMR for low n >~ n_c demonstrated that the merging of the initial parts of curves can bee achieved only with taking into account the temperature dependence of B_c. It is also shown that the shape of the PMR curves at strong magnetic fields is affected by a crossover from a purely two-dimensional (2D) electron transport to a regime where out-of-plane carrier motion becomes important (quasi-three-dimensional regime).Comment: 5 pages, including 6 figures; misprints corrected; Europhys. Lett. (in press

Monitoring and protection of land in the conditions of digital transformation

The article analyzes the prospects for the development of monitoring of land relations, theoretical and legal aspects of its operation and trends in monitoring of relations according to existing data. In current circumstances, it is quite difficult to collect reliable monitoring data, as different areas have large areas and significant spatial and temporal characteristics. All information on land relations is collected and maintained by various departments and local authorities, and other government institutions, public organizations and individuals do not have full access to it. As a result, central authorities are not always able to see a "whole picture" of land relations, both at the district and oblast levels and at the national level, and are not always able to find optimal solutions to improve land relations. There is a need to introduce monitoring of land relations as a constantly updated information system, to ensure the accumulation of information, its analysis and forecasting, and the development of scientifically sound recommendations on this basis for effective management decisions. Proper organization of the use of monitoring information will make it possible to assess the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of lands, and to assess and forecast changes. The issue of lack of free access to information on land relations, which creates favorable conditions for land use improperly, evasion of compliance with the requirements of land and environmental legislation of Ukraine, the spread of corruption. Today, all information on land relations is collected and maintained by various departments and local authorities, and other government institutions, public organizations and individuals do not have full access to it. As a result, central authorities do not always have the opportunity to see a "holistic picture" of land relations, both at the district and oblast levels, and at the national level, and do not always have the opportunity to find optimal solutions to improve land relations. The need to create a constantly updated database on the state of development of land relations, with open access for monitoring entities as an integrating information network, as well as for forecasting and control of rational land use, and ensuring transparency in land relations management. The creation of such a base will focus on the effectiveness of management decisions and improve the management of land use in general. Keywords: digital transformation, land monitoring; land relations monitoring; land resources; land use; land relations

Electron transport in a slot-gate Si MOSFET

The transversal and longitudinal resistance in the quantum Hall effect regime was measured in a Si MOSFET sample in which a slot-gate allows one to vary the electron density and filling factor in different parts of the sample. In case of unequal gate voltages, the longitudinal resistances on the opposite sides of the sample differ from each other because the originated Hall voltage difference is added to the longitudinal voltage only on one side depending on the gradient of the gate voltages and the direction of the external magnetic field. After subtracting the Hall voltage difference, the increase in longitudinal resistance is observed when electrons on the opposite sides of the slot occupy Landau levels with different spin orientations.Comment: To appear in Europhys. Let

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ПУТЕЙ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ И ФАКТОРОВ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ДИТИЛЕНХОЗОВ ТЮЛЬПАНОВ, ИРИСОВ И ДРУГИХ ДЕКОРАТИВНЫХ И СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Data on preservation and transmission of causative agents of ditylenchosis in decorative and agricultural crops are provided. The main factors for preservation and transmission of ditylenchosis of decorative and agricultural crops were presented: seed-specific factor (sample analysis of the potato tubers), soil and vegetation characteristics (sample analysis of wild strawberries and of soil used for phlox and potato growing), infection transmission mechanism (analysis of phlox, potato and strawberry seed material). Investigation methods for preservation and transmission of causative agents of ditylenchosis of particular plant species are provided what allows to ensure the control under seed, soil-vegetation and transmission factors for preservation and spread of Ditylenchus sp.Приведены данные о путях сохранения и передачи возбудителей дитиленхозов декоративных и сельскохозяйственных растений. Показана роль основных факторов сохранения и передачи возбудителя дитиленхозов сельскохозяйственных культур – семенной (клубневой анализ партий семенного картофеля), почвенно-растительный (анализ образцов растений земляники и почвы из-под растений флокса и картофеля), трансмиссивный (анализ семенного материала флоксов, картофеля, земляники). Приведена методика изучения путей сохранения и передачи возбудителей дитиленхозов данных растений, что позволяет обеспечить контроль за семенным, почвенно-растительным и трансмиссивным факторами сохранения и передачи дитиленхов

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ИММУНОРЕАГЕНТОВ ДЛЯ СЕРОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ДИТИЛЕНХОЗОВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ И ДЕКОРАТИВНЫХ КУЛЬТУР

The purpose of the research is obtaining immuno reagents for determination of two types of parasitic nematodes Ditylenchus destructor and D. dipsaci (antigens and antiserums for them).Materials and methods. Three immunizations of laboratory animals (white scrub mice) have been carried out at a dose of 20 mcg of the target protein per animal at 7–10 day intervals. The efficient titer of the antiserums obtained was described by the Dot-ELISA method using secondary goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. For measuring a specificity of the obtained immuno reagents, an ELISA plate in an indirect format was used.Results and discussion. The antiserums obtained have a specificity for two types of nematodes D. destructor and D. dipsaci, and for one non-parasitic nematode Rhabditis sp. The specificity of the obtained antiserums ranges from 82 to 97%. The sensitivity of antiserums to homogenates of stem nematodes D. destructor and D. dipsaci of plants at the antiserum dilution 1 : 3000 is 1 ng and 50 ng accordingly.Цель исследований: – получение иммунореагентов для определения двух видов паразитических нематод – Ditylenchus destructor и D. dipsaci (препаратов антигенов и антисывороток к ним).Материалы и методы. Было проведено три иммунизации лабораторных животных (белые беспородные мыши) в дозе 20 мкг целевого белка на особь с интервалом 7–10 сут. Характеристика эффективного титра полученных антисывороток была выполнена методом дот-ИФА с использованием вторичных антител козы к иммуноглобулинам мыши, коньюгированных с щелочной фосфатазой. Для количественного определения специфичности полученных иммунореагентов использовали планшетный ИФА в непрямом формате.Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные антисыворотки имеют специфичность по отношению к двум видам нематод D. destructor и D. dipsaci, а также к одному представителю непаразитических нематод Rhabditis sp. Специфичность получаемых антисывороток находится в пределах 82–97 %. Чувствительность антисывороток к гомогенатам стеблевых нематод растений D. destructor и D. dipsaci при титре антисывороток 1 : 3000 составляет 1 нг и 50 нг соответственно