Theory and Applications of X-ray Standing Waves in Real Crystals

Theoretical aspects of x-ray standing wave method for investigation of the real structure of crystals are considered in this review paper. Starting from the general approach of the secondary radiation yield from deformed crystals this theory is applied to different concreat cases. Various models of deformed crystals like: bicrystal model, multilayer model, crystals with extended deformation field are considered in detailes. Peculiarities of x-ray standing wave behavior in different scattering geometries (Bragg, Laue) are analysed in detailes. New possibilities to solve the phase problem with x-ray standing wave method are discussed in the review. General theoretical approaches are illustrated with a big number of experimental results.Comment: 101 pages, 43 figures, 3 table

Особенности эксергетического анализа энергоресурсосберегающих систем водного хозяйства

The specific features of applying the exergy analysis method for the energy resource saving waterworks systems of industrial plants were considered. The analysis of the influence of changes in polluting substance mass loading value on changes in exergy value upon mixing water technological flows was carried out.Рассмотрены особенности применения метода эксергетического анализа энергоресурсо-сбе-регающих систем водного хозяйства промышленных предприятий. Проведен анализ влияния изменения величины массовой нагрузки по загрязняющему веществу на изменение значения эксергии при смешивании водных технологических потоков

Интегрированная ресурсосберегающая система водопотребления и водоотведения стекольного производства

The methodology of designing of water resource-saving chemical process of glass works has been proposed. The basis of it is thermodynamic approach to analysis and synthesis (designing) of processes (the application of thermodynamic exergy method). The proposed methodology was approved by water chemical process designing of large-scale glass enterprises (production of glass fiber, glass cloth, hardened glass).Предложена методология проектирования водных ресурсосберегающих химико- технологических систем стекольных производств. Основой ее служит термодинамический подход к анализу и синтезу (проектированию) производственных процессов (применение термодинамического эксергетического метода). Предло- женная методология апробирована при проектировании водных химико-технологических систем крупных стекольных предприятий (производств по выпуску стекловолокна, стеклоткани, бронированного стекла)

Evolutionary signals of selection on cognition from the great tit genome and methylome

For over 50 years, the great tit (Parus major) has been a model species for research in evolutionary, ecological and behavioural research; in particular, learning and cognition have been intensively studied. Here, to provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these important traits, we de novo assemble a great tit reference genome and whole-genome re-sequence another 29 individuals from across Europe. We show an overrepresentation of genes related to neuronal functions, learning and cognition in regions under positive selection, as well as increased CpG methylation in these regions. In addition, great tit neuronal non-CpG methylation patterns are very similar to those observed in mammals, suggesting a universal role in neuronal epigenetic regulation which can affect learning-, memory- and experience-induced plasticity. The high-quality great tit genome assembly will play an instrumental role in furthering the integration of ecological, evolutionary, behavioural and genomic approaches in this model species.</p

Prism signal processing for sensor condition monitoring

This paper introduces a new technique, Prism signal processing, which may be used for the tracking of one or more noisy sinusoids in a signal. A simulation study is presented demonstrating the potential of Prism signal processing as an alternative to Prony’s method for analyzing exponentially decaying sinusoids. One application is to sensor condition monitoring of an industrial pressure sensor, using ultrasonic excitation to evaluate the sensor’s structural integrity. Initial experimental results suggest the Prism technique can reveal details in the resulting frequency/amplitude time series of each component, which is not available through Prony’s method

Investigation of interface oil insufficiency in a strain gauge type pressure sensor

Strain gauge type pressure sensors are widely used in different branches of industry to measure pressure from very low to very high (1400 Mpa) values. This article investigates a strain gauge type pressure sensor that uses silicon oil within its housing to transmit working pressure from the external environment to a sensing plate. An important failure mode arises from loss/leakage of the silicon oil, whereby a portion of the internal volume is replaced by gas, usually air. Coupled nonlinear governing equations have been derived and solved in both static and dynamical states to describe the behavior of the external membrane, the interface oil including pockets of gas, and the sensing plate. Nonlinear behavior arises from the plate and membrane midplane stretching, and of course the behavior of the gas. The resulting model describes how oil loss affects the sensor performance and changes the sensor output and pressure measurable range

Analysis of the recovery device control system

Energy recovery of various types is an urgent task in the development of control systems for electromechanical devices. rational and careful use of energy resources. The purpose of this work is to analyze four-quadrant asynchronous electric drives with vector frequency-current control systems and autonomous voltage inverters with sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation based on IGBT modules. The design algorithm is considered and the results of modeling of such energy recovery systems are given. The proposed control system of the recovery device can be used as an integral part of a specialized controlled electric drive for escalator stations of the subway, electric transport and other electromechanical systems in order to save energy consumed