1,498 research outputs found
Clocked Atom Delivery to a Photonic Crystal Waveguide
Experiments and numerical simulations are described that develop quantitative
understanding of atomic motion near the surfaces of nanoscopic photonic crystal
waveguides (PCWs). Ultracold atoms are delivered from a moving optical lattice
into the PCW. Synchronous with the moving lattice, transmission spectra for a
guided-mode probe field are recorded as functions of lattice transport time and
frequency detuning of the probe beam. By way of measurements such as these, we
have been able to validate quantitatively our numerical simulations, which are
based upon detailed understanding of atomic trajectories that pass around and
through nanoscopic regions of the PCW under the influence of optical and
surface forces. The resolution for mapping atomic motion is roughly 50 nm in
space and 100 ns in time. By introducing auxiliary guided mode (GM) fields that
provide spatially varying AC-Stark shifts, we have, to some degree, begun to
control atomic trajectories, such as to enhance the flux into to the central
vacuum gap of the PCW at predetermined times and with known AC-Stark shifts.
Applications of these capabilities include enabling high fractional filling of
optical trap sites within PCWs, calibration of optical fields within PCWs, and
utilization of the time-dependent, optically dense atomic medium for novel
nonlinear optical experiments
Clinical practice guidelines: towards better quality guidelines and increased international collaboration
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Orientation dynamics of weakly Brownian particles in periodic viscous flows
Evolution equations for the orientation distribution of axisymmetric
particles in periodic flows are derived in the regime of small but non-zero
Brownian rotations. The equations are based on a multiple time scale approach
that allows fast computation of the relaxation processes leading to statistical
equilibrium. The approach has been applied to the calculation of the effective
viscosity of a thin disk suspension in gravity waves.Comment: 16 pages, 7 eps figures include
Models of Passive and Reactive Tracer Motion: an Application of Ito Calculus
By means of Ito calculus it is possible to find, in a straight-forward way,
the analytical solution to some equations related to the passive tracer
transport problem in a velocity field that obeys the multidimensional Burgers
equation and to a simple model of reactive tracer motion.Comment: revised version 7 pages, Latex, to appear as a letter to J. of
Physics
The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in the weak noise limit: Pattern formation and upper critical dimension
We extend the previously developed weak noise scheme, applied to the noisy
Burgers equation in 1D, to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation for a growing
interface in arbitrary dimensions. By means of the Cole-Hopf transformation we
show that the growth morphology can be interpreted in terms of dynamically
evolving textures of localized growth modes with superimposed diffusive modes.
In the Cole-Hopf representation the growth modes are static solutions to the
diffusion equation and the nonlinear Schroedinger equation, subsequently
boosted to finite velocity by a Galilei transformation. We discuss the dynamics
of the pattern formation and, briefly, the superimposed linear modes.
Implementing the stochastic interpretation we discuss kinetic transitions and
in particular the properties in the pair mode or dipole sector. We find the
Hurst exponent H=(3-d)/(4-d) for the random walk of growth modes in the dipole
sector. Finally, applying Derrick's theorem based on constrained minimization
we show that the upper critical dimension is d=4 in the sense that growth modes
cease to exist above this dimension.Comment: 27 pages, 19 eps figs, revte
Solitons and diffusive modes in the noiseless Burgers equation: Stability analysis
The noiseless Burgers equation in one spatial dimension is analyzed from the
point of view of a diffusive evolution equation in terms of nonlinear soliton
modes and linear diffusive modes. The transient evolution of the profile is
interpreted as a gas of right hand solitons connected by ramp solutions with
superposed linear diffusive modes. This picture is supported by a linear
stability analysis of the soliton mode. The spectrum and phase shift of the
diffusive modes are determined. In the presence of the soliton the diffusive
modes develop a gap in the spectrum and are phase-shifted in accordance with
Levinson's theorem. The spectrum also exhibits a zero-frequency translation or
Goldstone mode associated with the broken translational symmetry.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex file, 5 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev.
Analytical modeling for the heat transfer in sheared flows of nanofluids
We developed a model for the enhancement of the heat flux by spherical and
elongated nano- particles in sheared laminar flows of nano-fluids. Besides the
heat flux carried by the nanoparticles the model accounts for the contribution
of their rotation to the heat flux inside and outside the particles. The
rotation of the nanoparticles has a twofold effect, it induces a fluid
advection around the particle and it strongly influences the statistical
distribution of particle orientations. These dynamical effects, which were not
included in existing thermal models, are responsible for changing the thermal
properties of flowing fluids as compared to quiescent fluids. The proposed
model is strongly supported by extensive numerical simulations, demonstrating a
potential increase of the heat flux far beyond the Maxwell-Garnet limit for the
spherical nanoparticles. The road ahead which should lead towards robust
predictive models of heat flux enhancement is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR
Merging and fragmentation in the Burgers dynamics
We explore the noiseless Burgers dynamics in the inviscid limit, the
so-called ``adhesion model'' in cosmology, in a regime where (almost) all the
fluid particles are embedded within point-like massive halos. Following
previous works, we focus our investigations on a ``geometrical'' model, where
the matter evolution within the shock manifold is defined from a geometrical
construction. This hypothesis is at variance with the assumption that the usual
continuity equation holds but, in the inviscid limit, both models agree in the
regular regions. Taking advantage of the formulation of the dynamics of this
``geometrical model'' in terms of Legendre transforms and convex hulls, we
study the evolution with time of the distribution of matter and the associated
partitions of the Lagrangian and Eulerian spaces. We describe how the halo mass
distribution derives from a triangulation in Lagrangian space, while the dual
Voronoi-like tessellation in Eulerian space gives the boundaries of empty
regions with shock nodes at their vertices. We then emphasize that this
dynamics actually leads to halo fragmentations for space dimensions greater or
equal to 2 (for the inviscid limit studied in this article). This is most
easily seen from the properties of the Lagrangian-space triangulation and we
illustrate this process in the two-dimensional (2D) case. In particular, we
explain how point-like halos only merge through three-body collisions while
two-body collisions always give rise to two new massive shock nodes (in 2D).
This generalizes to higher dimensions and we briefly illustrate the
three-dimensional (3D) case. This leads to a specific picture for the
continuous formation of massive halos through successive halo fragmentations
and mergings.Comment: 21 pages, final version published in Phys.Rev.
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