Le soutien des personnes handicapées : Plaidoyer pour une société handicapée

Disability is no longer considered a characteristic of the person but is now seen as a characteristic of the interaction of the person with the environment. This represents a socio-ecological conceptualisation of human functioning and disability. The person-environment interactions can be modulated — and hence the functioning of the person can be improved — by enhancing capacities and competences of the person and by removing barriers and promoting facilitators of the environment. This is the function of «supports» both on the individual and societal level of intervention. The American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) defined and elaborated the concept of «support» that enables both approaches to improving the quality of life of persons with intellectual disability. The AAMR approach however can be generalized into the broader field of disabilities since it is well compatible with the «Classification of Functioning, disability and health» of the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as with the «Standard rules for the equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities» of the United Nations (UN). Although improving accessibility of generic resources to persons with disabilities may place an extra burden (or «handicap») upon society at large in terms of costs and organization, it is a better way to a «society for all» than overspecialisation of services that eventually will lead to societal isolation. The article offers a general description and points to the possibilities of the socio-ecological approach using existing frames of reference such as the support paradigm of the AAMR, the ICF of the WHO and the «Standard rules» of the UN.Cet article offre quelques considérations générales sur des conditions de participation des personnes handicapées dans la société. Au plan individuel, le «soutien» présente un concept véhicule multidisciplinaire pour faciliter le fonctionnement et la qualité de vie. Au plan de la société, le soutien des personnes handicapées est plus efficace et plus efficient dans un environnement de services génériques accessibles. Un système de soutien individuel (AAMR) est pris en considération aussi bien que l'adaptation des services génériques selon les Règles pour l'Égalisation des Chances des Handicapés (Nations Unies). Des cadres théoriques et généraux comme le modèle de soutien de l'AAMR, la CIF, et les Règles pour l'Égalisation des Nations Unies sont disponibles pour faciliter des interventions sur le plan individuel et sociétal.Buntinx W.H.E. Le soutien des personnes handicapées : Plaidoyer pour une société handicapée. In: Hommes et Terres du Nord, 2003/2. Populations, handicaps et aménagements durables : perspectives internationales. Tome 1, sous la direction de Franck Bodin. pp. 32-38

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