PENGARUH PEMIKIRAN KEAGAMAAN LASKAR JIHAD AHL AL-SUNNAH WA AL-JAMAAH DI AMBON

The development and dinamica of thought amongst groups always keep on in diversity. For instant, the thoughts of mu’tazilah which is liberal is against those of As’ariyah and Maturidiyah which proclaim Ahl Al-Sunnah wa Al-Jamaah. Each thought which is lead by Ja’far Umar Thalib. This thought is more known with Laskar Jihad Ahl Al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah. This thought has 3 basic teaching; tauhid (pure oneness), hadis (the Prophet’s saying) and the thought of salafiyyin. This teaching has spreaded in Ambon, it’s aimed to give an aid in struggling (jihad) against the Kafiruun (the disbelievers). Before the coming of Islamic Shari’a, either in Tauhid, shari’a or jihad (struggle). Nevertheless, after the Laskar Jihad came, those sinful acts has been eliminate

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL CYTOTOXIC COMPOUND FROM KEMBANG BULAN [TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSLEY) A GRAY] LEAVES

Objective: The leaves of Kembang Bulan [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray] are used traditionally to treat various deseases in Indonesia. Initial study showed that chloroform (CHCl3) extract of the leaves inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vitro on HeLa cells (half maximal inhibitory concentration/IC50, 16,61mg/ml), and the cytotoxic compounds appeared present in the petroleum ether (PE) insoluble fraction (IC50, 3,078µg/ml) of the CHCl3 extract. Objective of the present study was to screen cytotoxic activity of its further fractions and isolates.Methods: The PE insoluble fraction was fractionated by vacuum column chromatography to give 5 combined fractions (I-V). Fraction III, containing 3 isolates (A, B, and C) on thin-layer chromatrography (TLC) displays highest cytotoxic activity that is then subjected into preparative TLC.Results: According to cytotoxic bioassay, B isolate was the active one (IC50, 47.074±4.79 ug/ml), and further purification of B isolate results in 3 isolates (B1, B2 and B3). B2 isolate was tested on several human cancer cell lines, and shows the most cytotoxic in vitro on HeLa (IC50= 9.776±0.77mg/ml) and WiDR cell lines (IC50, 0.585±0,08 ug/ml).Conclusion: B2 isolate was a major cytotoxic compound and identified as Tagitinin C, based on its spectroscopic data and comparison with the previous reported, data