Native discrimination scores per contrast type in the /aCa/ and /##Ca/ contexts.

<p>% correct discrimination is presented on the y-axis, while contrast type is presented on the x-axis. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Note, however, that as the statistics applied are non-parametric, they are not necessarily related to the dispersion indicated in the error bars.</p

Frequencies of stop consonant phonemes in all words in 8% of the Wubuy text corpus [46], adapted from [45].

<p>The ‘Initial’ column presents the word-initial distribution of stops in the words in the Wubuy texts, while the ‘Total’ column indicates the distribution of stop phonemes in all word positions. The ‘Verb Initial’ column indicates the distribution of stop consonants in verb stem-initial position.</p

Results of one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank tests of the perceptual asymmetries of Wubuy listeners.

<p>Significant results in bold.</p

The phonemic consonant inventory of Wubuy, adapted from [11].

<p>The phonemic consonant inventory of Wubuy, adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142054#pone.0142054.ref011" target="_blank">11</a>].</p

Target words for each context.

<p>Note that the orthographic representation (leftmost column for each context) represents the alveolar stop by ‘d’, the retroflex by underscoring ‘<u>d</u>’, and the dental by ‘dh.’ The other columns provide a phonetic transcription of the standard Wubuy pronunciation of the word in (IPA), and its English gloss.</p

English discrimination accuracy depending on the first presented consonant for /t ʈ/, / ʈ/ and /t / in both the /aCa/ and /##Ca/ contexts.

<p>English discrimination accuracy depending on the first presented consonant for /t ʈ/, / ʈ/ and /t / in both the /aCa/ and /##Ca/ contexts.</p

Discrimination asymmetries for Wubuy listeners.

<p>Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Note, however, that as the statistics applied are non-parametric, they are not necessarily related to the dispersion indicated in the error bars.</p

Results of one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank tests of the perceptual asymmetries of English listeners.

<p>Significant results in bold.</p

Pairwise comparison, Wubuy versus English discrimination in /aCa/ and /##Ca/, excluding contrasts involving the lamino-alveopalatal.

<p>Significant results indicated by * and Sig. in bold.</p

Comparison of native and non-native discrimination performance in the /##Ca/ context.

<p>% correct discrimination is presented on the y-axis, while contrast type is presented on the x-axis. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Note, however, that as the statistics applied are non-parametric, they are not necessarily related to the dispersion indicated in the error bars.</p