Peace and Development

This article reviews the deterioration in the international situation since the Report of the International Commission on Development Issues was published five years ago. It contends that most of the Commission's proposals are just as relevant now as they were then; it revives the proposal for a ‘global’ UN discussion of world‐wide economic relations; and it suggests that Europe could exert greater pressure on the two superpowers to halt the arms race and embark on constructive negotiations

Aussichten der Ost-West Beziehungen Eine europäische Perspektive

Für die Einladung, die freundliche Aufnahme und die mir zuteilgewordene Ehre der Doktorwürde möchte ich aufrichtig danken. Es bereitet mir Freude, mich zu den akademischen Bür-gern dieser renommierten Universität zählen zu dürfen. Erfreulicherweise wird in allen Weltregionen nach neuen Wegen gesucht - nach Wegen für dauerhaften Frieden und Ent-wicklung(sustainable peace and development). Vielerorts wurde eingesehen, daß vermeidbare Konfrontation und Abschottung Irr-wege sind, die in gefährliche Sackgassen führen

Hepatitis C virus NS4B carboxy terminal domain is a membrane binding domain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces membrane rearrangements during replication. All HCV proteins are associated to membranes, pointing out the importance of membranes for HCV. Non structural protein 4B (NS4B) has been reported to induce cellular membrane alterations like the membranous web. Four transmembrane segments in the middle of the protein anchor NS4B to membranes. An amphipatic helix at the amino-terminus attaches to membranes as well. The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of NS4B is highly conserved in Hepaciviruses, though its function remains unknown.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A cytosolic localization is predicted for the NS4B-CTD. However, using membrane floatation assays and immunofluorescence, we now show targeting of the NS4B-CTD to membranes. Furthermore, a profile-profile search, with an HCV NS4B-CTD multiple sequence alignment, indicates sequence similarity to the membrane binding domain of prokaryotic D-lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH). The crystal structure of E. coli d-LDH suggests that the region similar to NS4B-CTD is located in the membrane binding domain (MBD) of d-LDH, implying analogy in membrane association. Targeting of d-LDH to membranes occurs via electrostatic interactions of positive residues on the outside of the protein with negative head groups of lipids. To verify that anchorage of d-LDH MBD and NS4B-CTD is analogous, NS4B-CTD mutants were designed to disrupt these electrostatic interactions. Membrane association was confirmed by swopping the membrane contacting helix of d-LDH with the corresponding domain of the 4B-CTD. Furthermore, the functionality of these residues was tested in the HCV replicon system.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Together these data show that NS4B-CTD is associated to membranes, similar to the prokaryotic d-LDH MBD, and is important for replication.</p

Toxicidade e produção de maçãs no sul do Brasil.

Explora as conexões entre uma polêmica apreensão de maçãs contaminadas no sul do Brasil, em 1989, e as reações da indústria da maçã às notícias da imprensa sobre o uso do agrotóxico nas plantações brasileiras. A problemática está inserida em análise mais ampla da ideia de toxicidade e de ‘perigo’, que começa a invadir os domínios público e privado quanto ao consumo de alimentos mais sadios e à ‘segurança alimentar’. Afirma que as respostas dos pomicultores ao problema seriam mais bem entendidas com a leitura histórica das interações entre a biologia da macieira, a agroecologia dessa monocultura e estruturas, atores e discursos que envolvem coletivos humanos e não humanos na região produtora de maçãs

Tissue-specific suppression of thyroid hormone signaling in various mouse models of aging

DNA damage contributes to the process of aging, as underscored by premature aging syndromes caused by defective DNA repair. Thyroid state changes during aging, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Since thyroid hormone (TH) is a key regulator of metabolism, changes in TH signaling have widespread effects. Here, we reveal a significant common transcriptomic signature in livers from hypothyroid mice, DNA repair-deficient mice with severe (Csbm/m/Xpa-/-) or intermediate (Ercc1-/Δ-7) progeria and naturally aged mice. A strong induction of TH-inactivating deiodinase D3 and decrease of TH-activating D1 activities are observed in Csbm/m/Xpa-/- livers. Similar findings are noticed in Ercc1-/Δ-7, in naturally aged animals and in wild-type mice exposed to a chronic subtoxic dose of DNAdamaging agents. In contrast, TH signaling in muscle, heart and brain appears unaltered. These data show a strong suppression of TH signaling in specific peripheral organs in premature and normal aging, probably lowering metabolism, while other tissues appear to preserve metabolism. D3-mediated TH inactivation is unexpected, given its expression mainly in fetal tissues. Our studies highlight the importance of DNA damage as the underlying mechanism of changes in thyroid state. Tissue-specific regulation of deiodinase activities, ensuring diminished TH signaling, may contribute importantly to the protective metabolic response in aging

Population Synthesis for Neutron Star Systems with Intrinsic Kicks

We use a Monte Carlo binary synthesis code to model the formation and evolution of neutron star systems including high-mass X-ray binaries, low-mass X-ray binaries, double neutron star systems and radio pulsars. Our focus is on the signature imprinted on such systems due to natal kicks to neutron stars over and above that imparted by orbital motions. The code incorporates the effect of the galactic potential (including rotation) on the velocities of these systems. A comparison between our models and the observations leads us to infer mean natal kicks between 400-500 km/s. Moreover, to be consistent with all the data, we require a bimodal kick distribution with one peak in the distribution near 0 km/s and the other above 600 km/s.Comment: 41 pages total, 24 text+tables pages, 17 figures, AASTeX, Accepted for publication in Ap