3,197 research outputs found
Three-Point Statistics from a New Perspective
Multipole expansion of spatial three-point statistics is introduced as a tool
for investigating and displaying configuration dependence. The novel
parametrization renders the relation between bi-spectrum and three-point
correlation function especially transparent as a set of two-dimensional Hankel
transforms. It is expected on theoretical grounds, that three-point statistics
can be described accurately with only a few multipoles. In particular, we show
that in the weakly non-linear regime, the multipoles of the reduced bispectrum,
, are significant only up to quadrupole. Moreover, the non-linear bias in
the weakly non-linear regime only affects the monopole order of these
statistics. As a consequence, a simple, novel set of estimators can be
constructed to constrain galaxy bias. In addition, the quadrupole to dipole
ratio is independent of the bias, thus it becomes a novel diagnostic of the
underlying theoretical assumptions: weakly non-linear gravity and perturbative
local bias. To illustrate the use of our approach, we present predictions based
on both power law, and CDM models. We show that the presently favoured
SDSS-WMAP concordance model displays strong ``baryon bumps'' in the 's.
Finally, we sketch out three practical techniques estimate these novel
quantities: they amount to new, and for the first time edge corrected,
estimators for the bispectrum.Comment: 5 pages 6 figures, ApL accepte
On the morphology of the electron-positron annihilation emission as seen by SPI/INTEGRAL
The 511 keV positron annihilation emission remains a mysterious component of
the high energy emission of our Galaxy. Its study was one of the key scientific
objective of the SPI spectrometer on-board the INTEGRAL satellite. In fact, a
lot of observing time has been dedicated to the Galactic disk with a particular
emphasis on the central region. A crucial issue in such an analysis concerns
the reduction technique used to treat this huge quantity of data, and more
particularly the background modeling. Our method, after validation through a
variety of tests, is based on detector pattern determination per ~6 month
periods, together with a normalisation variable on a few hour timescale. The
Galactic bulge is detected at a level of ~70 sigma allowing more detailed
investigations. The main result is that the bulge morphology can be modelled
with two axisymmetric Gaussians of 3.2 deg. and 11.8 deg. FWHM and respective
fluxes of 2.5 and 5.4 x 10^-4 photons/(cm^2.s^1). We found a possible shift of
the bulge centre towards negative longitude at l=-0.6 +/- 0.2 degrees. In
addition to the bulge, a more extended structure is detected significantly with
flux ranging from 1.7 to 2.9 x10^-3 photons/(cm^2.s^1) depending on its assumed
geometry (pure disk or disk plus halo). The disk emission is also found to be
symmetric within the limits of the statistical errors.Comment: This paper has 12 pages and 14 figures. Accepted for publication by
the Astrophysical Journa
Projection and Galaxy Clustering Fourier Spectra
Second order perturbation theory predicts a specific dependence of the
bispectrum, or three-point correlation function in the Fourier transform
domain, on the shape of the configuration of its three wave vector arguments,
which can be taken as a signature of structure formed by gravitational
instability. Comparing this known dependence on configuration shape with the
weak shape dependence of the galaxy bispectrum has been suggested as an
indication of bias in the galaxy distribution. However, to interpret results
obtained from projected catalogs, we must first understand the effects of
projection on this shape dependence. We present expressions for the projected
power spectrum and bispectrum in both Cartesian and spherical geometries, and
we examine the effects of projection on the predicted bispectrum with
particular attention to the dependence on configuration shape. Except for an
overall numerical factor, for Cartesian projection with characteristic depth
\Dstar there is little effect on the shape dependence of the bispectrum for
wavelengths small compared to \Dstar or projected wavenumbers q \Dstar
\gg 1 . For angular projection, a scaling law is found for spherical harmonic
index , but there is always a mixing of scales over the range of
the selection function. For large it is sufficient to examine a small
portion of the sky.Comment: aastex, 7 figure
Simulations of the Microwave Sky and of its ``Observations''
Here follows a preliminary report on the construction of fake millimeter and
sub-millimeter skies, as observed by virtual instruments, e.g. the COBRA/SAMBA
mission, using theoretical modeling and data extrapolations. Our goal is to
create maps as realistic as possible of the relevant physical contributions
which may contribute to the detected signals. This astrophysical modeling is
followed by simulations of the measurement process itself by a given
instrumental configuration. This will enable a precise determination of what
can and cannot be achieved with a particular experimental configuration, and
provide a feedback on how to improve the overall design. It is a key step on
the way to define procedures for the separation of the different physical
processes in the future observed maps. Note that this tool will also prove
useful in preparing and analyzing current (\eg\ balloon borne) Microwave
Background experiments. Keywords: Cosmology -- Microwave Background
Anisotropies.Comment: 6 pages of uuencoded compressed postscript (1.2 Mb uncompressed), to
appear in the proceedings of the meeting "Far Infrared and Sub-millimeter
Space Missions in the Next Decade'', Paris, France, Eds. M. Sauvage, Space
Science Revie
The FIR/submm window on galaxy formation
Our view on the deep universe has been so far biased towards optically bright
galaxies. Now, the measurement of the Cosmic Infrared Background in FIRAS and
DIRBE residuals, and the observations of FIR/submm sources by the ISOPHOT and
SCUBA instruments begin unveiling the ``optically dark side'' of galaxy
formation. Though the origin of dust heating is still unsolved, it appears very
likely that a large fraction of the FIR/submm emission is due to
heavily-extinguished star formation. Consequently, the level of the CIRB
implies that about 2/3 of galaxy/star formation in the universe is hidden by
dust shrouds. In this review, we introduce a new modeling of galaxy formation
and evolution that provides us with specific predictions in FIR/submm
wavebands. These predictions are compared with the current status of the
observations. Finally, the capabilities of current and forthcoming instruments
for all-sky and deep surveys of FIR/submm sources are briefly described.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 5 postscript figures, to appear in ``The Birth of
Galaxies'', 1999, B. Guiderdoni, F.R. Bouchet, T.X. Thuan & J. Tran Thanh Van
(eds), Editions Frontiere
Algebraic Correlation Function and Anomalous Diffusion in the HMF model
In the quasi-stationary states of the Hamiltonian Mean-Field model, we
numerically compute correlation functions of momenta and diffusion of angles
with homogeneous initial conditions. This is an example, in a N-body
Hamiltonian system, of anomalous transport properties characterized by non
exponential relaxations and long-range temporal correlations. Kinetic theory
predicts a striking transition between weak anomalous diffusion and strong
anomalous diffusion. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the
quantitative predictions of the anomalous transport exponents. Noteworthy, also
at statistical equilibrium, the system exhibits long-range temporal
correlations: the correlation function is inversely proportional to time with a
logarithmic correction instead of the usually expected exponential decay,
leading to weak anomalous transport properties
Formation and dynamics of self-sustained neutron haloes in disk accreting sources
It has been recognized long ago that the presence of hot plasma in the inner
accretion disks around black holes could lead to the neutron production via
dissociation of helium nuclei. We show that, for a broad range of accretion
parameters, neutrons effectively decouple from protons and pile up in the inner
disk leading to the formation of self-sustained halo. This means that new
neutrons in the halo are supplied mainly by the splitting of helium nuclei in
their collisions with existing neutrons. Once formed, such a halo can exist
even if the proton temperature is much lower than the energy threshold of
helium dissociation. We show that neutron haloes can be the natural source of
relativistic electrons and positrons, providing characteristic comptonization
spectra and hard spectral tails observed in many black hole candidates, and
also giving rise to relativistic outflows. Deuterium gamma-ray line at 2.2 MeV
resulting from neutron capture is also expected at a level detectable by future
INTEGRAL mission. Furthermore, the presence of a neutron halo strongly affects
the dynamics of accretion and leads to the rich variety of transient dynamical
regimes.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysic
Observational Constraints on Higher Order Clustering up to $z\simeq 1
Constraints on the validity of the hierarchical gravitational instability
theory and the evolution of biasing are presented based upon measurements of
higher order clustering statistics in the Deeprange Survey, a catalog of
galaxies with derived from a KPNO 4m CCD imaging
survey of a contiguous region. We compute the
3-point and 4-point angular correlation functions using a direct estimation for
the former and the counts-in-cells technique for both. The skewness
decreases by a factor of as galaxy magnitude increases over the
range (). This decrease is
consistent with a small {\it increase} of the bias with increasing redshift,
but not by more than a factor of 2 for the highest redshifts probed. Our
results are strongly inconsistent, at about the level, with
typical cosmic string models in which the initial perturbations follow a
non-Gaussian distribution - such models generally predict an opposite trend in
the degree of bias as a function of redshift. We also find that the scaling
relation between the 3-point and 4-point correlation functions remains
approximately invariant over the above magnitude range. The simplest model that
is consistent with these constraints is a universe in which an initially
Gaussian perturbation spectrum evolves under the influence of gravity combined
with a low level of bias between the matter and the galaxies that decreases
slightly from to the current epoch.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures included, ApJ, accepted, minor change
Kinetic theory for non-equilibrium stationary states in long-range interacting systems
We study long-range interacting systems perturbed by external stochastic
forces. Unlike the case of short-range systems, where stochastic forces usually
act locally on each particle, here we consider perturbations by external
stochastic fields. The system reaches stationary states where external forces
balance dissipation on average. These states do not respect detailed balance
and support non-vanishing fluxes of conserved quantities. We generalize the
kinetic theory of isolated long-range systems to describe the dynamics of this
non-equilibrium problem. The kinetic equation that we obtain applies to
plasmas, self-gravitating systems, and to a broad class of other systems. Our
theoretical results hold for homogeneous states, but may also be generalized to
apply to inhomogeneous states. We obtain an excellent agreement between our
theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. We discuss possible
applications to describe non-equilibrium phase transitions.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures; v2: small changes, close to the published
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