34 research outputs found
Realâtime biofeedback integrated into neuromuscular training reduces highârisk knee biomechanics and increases functional brain connectivity: A preliminary longitudinal investigation
Prospective evidence indicates that functional biomechanics and brain connectivity may predispose an athlete to an anterior cruciate ligament injury, revealing novel neural linkages for targeted neuromuscular training interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a realâtime biofeedback system for altering knee biomechanics and brain functional connectivity. Seventeen healthy, young, physically active female athletes completed 6 weeks of augmented neuromuscular training (aNMT) utilizing realâtime, interactive visual biofeedback and 13 served as untrained controls. A drop vertical jump and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging were separately completed at preâ and posttest time points to assess sensorimotor adaptation. The aNMT group had a significant reduction in peak knee abduction moment (pKAM) compared to controls (p = .03, d = 0.71). The aNMT group also exhibited a significant increase in functional connectivity between the right supplementary motor area and the left thalamus (p = .0473 after false discovery rate correction). Greater percent change in pKAM was also related to increased connectivity between the right cerebellum and right thalamus for the aNMT group (p = .0292 after false discovery rate correction, r2 = .62). No significant changes were observed for the controls (ps > .05). Our data provide preliminary evidence of potential neural mechanisms for aNMTâinduced motor adaptations that reduce injury risk. Future research is warranted to understand the role of neuromuscular training alone and how each component of aNMT influences biomechanics and functional connectivity.Emergent evidence indicates that the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is, in part, due to central nervous system alterations that could be targeted using neural mechanistic sensorimotorâbased treatments. Young female athletes completed 6 weeks of neuromuscular training while interacting with a realâtime, visual biofeedback stimulus. Our training was designed to reduce the risk of by (a) promoting injuryâresistant movement and (b) strengthening brain functional connectivity. Our data not only indicated that athletesâ biomechanics and brain connectivity were improved following training, but the observed biomechanical improvements were related to distinct, strengthened connectivity within regions important for sensorimotor control. This study supports the use of realâtime biofeedback systems to reduce the risk of ACL injury by leveraging neuroplasticity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154933/1/psyp13545_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154933/2/psyp13545.pd
Promises and challenges of eco-physiological genomics in the field: tests of drought responses in switchgrass
On the Modification of Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes Through Visual Feedback
State-, parameter-, and graph-dynamics: Constraints and the distillation of postural control systems
La capacitĂ© Ă maintenir et adapter la posture a Ă©tĂ© traditionnellement expliquĂ©e au travers de lâaction dâun systĂšme de contrĂŽle postural, unique et relativement permanent. Cependant, lâextrĂȘme variabilitĂ© observĂ©e dans les performances posturales questionne lâidĂ©e selon laquelle la posture serait contrĂŽlĂ©e par un systĂšme statique de composants dĂ©terminĂ©s. Dans cet article nous suggĂ©rons que le contrĂŽle postural est rĂ©alisĂ© par des systĂšmes Ă assemblage souple, spĂ©cifiques Ă chaque situation, et Ă©mergeant de la dynamique des paramĂštres et des graphes. Un rapide rĂ©sumĂ© des Ă©tudes empiriques utilisant des analyses non-linĂ©aires est prĂ©sentĂ© en support de cette hypothĂšse. Les implications de ce point de vue et des directions futures de recherche sont Ă©galement dĂ©veloppĂ©es
Bullying in Schools and LGBTQ+ Youth Mental Health: Relations with Voting for Trump
The current study utilized the 2018 Washington State Healthy Youth Survey to explore the relations among school district political attitudes, bullying experiences, and mental health outcomes, particularly for LGBTQ+ students. Although bullying was associated with greater psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and suicidality) for all students, LGBTQ+ students experienced more bullying and psychological distress. Bullying experiences mediated the relation between LGBTQ+ identity and psychological distress. However, school district voting record moderated the relation between LGBTQ+ identity and bullying, such that LGBTQ+ students in more conservative districts, or districts with more votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 election, experienced more bullying, which was associated with greater psychological distress. Additionally, increased teacher intervention during instances of bullying was related to less bullying for LGBTQ+ students. Finally, in more conservative-leaning districts, LGBTQ+ students reported less teacher intervention, which was associated with more bullying and psychological distress. Given that political conservatism was related to higher rates of bullying and poorer mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ students, we recommend improving school-based LGBTQ+ bullying policies to prioritize the mental health of LGBTQ+ youth
Youth with Concussion have Less Adaptable Gait Patterns than their Uninjured Peers: Implications for Concussion Management
© 2020 Movement Science Media. All rights reserved. OBJECTIVE: To compare cross-recurrence quantification analysis measurements obtained during gait between adolescents who sustained a diagnosed concussion within 14 days of assessment and healthy adolescents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Youth athletes with concussion (n = 43; mean ± SD age, 14.4 ± 2.3 years; 56% female; tested median, 7 days post concussion) and healthy controls (n = 38; age, 14.9 ± 2.0 years; 55% female) completed a single-task and dualtask gait protocol while wearing a set of inertial sensors. We used cross-recurrence quantification analysis techniques to quantify the similarity between accelerations obtained from the sensor on the dorsum of each foot. Four outcome variables were compared between groups: percent determinism, average diagonal-line length, laminarity, and trapping time. RESULTS: Athletes with concussion had significantly higher percent determinism, laminarity, and trapping time than the control group in single-task and dual-task conditions (P\u3c.05). Gait patterns, when simultaneously completing a secondary cognitive task (dual task), were no different from gait patterns under a single-task condition. CONCLUSION: Higher percent determinism, laminarity, and trapping time among athletes with concussion suggest that concussion may be associated with a more stuck and predictable gait pattern. These altered movement patterns may be one reason for underlying slower gait speeds that have been observed following concussion
Graphical interface for automated management of motion artifact within fMRI acquisitions: INFOBAR
Independent Component Analysis-based Automatic Removal of Motion Artifacts (ICA-AROMA; Pruim et al., 2015) is a robust approach to remove brain activity related to head motion within functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets. However, ICA-AROMA requires command line implementation and customized code to batch process large datasets. We developed a cross-platform, open-source graphical user Interface for Batch processing fMRI datasets using ICA-AROMA (INFOBAR). INFOBAR allows a user to search directories, identify appropriate datasets, and batch execute ICA-AROMA. INFOBAR also has additional data processing options and visualization features to support all researchers interested in mitigating head motion artifact in post-processing using ICA-AROMA
Dual-task gait stability after concussion and subsequent injury: An exploratory investigation
Persistent gait alterations can occur after concussion and may underlie future musculoskeletal injury risk. We compared dual-task gait stability measures among adolescents who did/did not sustain a subsequent injury post-concussion, and uninjured controls. Forty-seven athletes completed a dual-task gait evaluation. One year later, they reported sport-related injuries and sport participation volumes. There were three groups: concussion participants who sustained a sport-related injury (n = 8; age =15.4 ± 3.5 years; 63% female), concussion participants who did not sustain a sport-related injury (n = 24; 14.0 ± 2.6 years; 46% female), and controls (n = 15; 14.2 ± 1.9 years; 53% female). Using cross-recurrence quantification, we quantified dual-task gait stability using diagonal line length, trapping time, percent determinism, and laminarity. The three groups reported similar levels of sports participation (11.8 ± 5.8 vs. 8.6 ± 4.4 vs. 10.9 ± 4.3 hours/week; p = 0.37). The concussion/subsequent injury group walked slower (0.76 ± 0.14 vs. 0.65 ± 0.13 m/s; p = 0.008) and demonstrated higher diagonal line length (0.67 ± 0.08 vs. 0.58 ± 0.05; p = 0.02) and trapping time (5.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6; p = 0.006) than uninjured controls. Dual-task diagonal line length (hazard ratio =1.95, 95% CI = 1.05â3.60), trapping time (hazard ratio = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.09â2.52), and walking speed (hazard ratio = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00â0.51) were associated with subsequent injury. Dual-task gait stability measures can identify altered movement that persists despite clinical concussion recovery and is associated with future injury risk