Starting a New Midcareer Librarian Position During COVID-19: Lessons to take into the future

This article chronicles the experience of two midcareer librarians who were new hires at the University of South Florida one month before the entire campus was sent to work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They recount the obstacles encountered and how they overcame them. They include lessons learned and ways to improve a transition to remote working. Specific areas that are discussed: technology, training, communication, self-advocacy, relationship building, and mentorship

Presence and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Verticillium species in commercial red radish (Raphanus sativus) seed production in the Willamette Valley of Oregon

Commercial radish seed producers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon have observed a late season wilt in their seed fields. Twenty-two fields were surveyed for wilt in the Willamette Valley during June through August 2012 and 2013. Plants exhibiting wilt symptoms were collected from the fields and examined for vascular discoloration in the storage root; isolations were made when discolored vascular tissue was found. In 2012, Fusarium species were recovered from 11% of the 440 plants examined, while V. dahliae (=V. longisporium) was recovered from 0.2% of the 440 plants. In 2013, Fusarium and Verticillium species were recovered from 24% and 0.7% of plants, respectively. Greenhouse studies conducted in 2013 with 11 isolates of F. oxysporum, as well as one V. dahliae, and one F. solani, obtained from discolored storage roots in 2012, showed that all isolates evaluated have a degree of pathogenicity on red radish seedlings. This study confirms the presence of pathogenic V. dahliae and F. oxysporum in commercial radish seed fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. This is the first report of F. solani causing wilt symptoms on radish. Some Fusarium and Verticillium species, including the species responsible for radish wilt in the Willamette Valley, have been found to seed-borne. Fusarium species were recovered from 0.352% of inbred stock seed treated with a 30 second dip in a 10% household bleach solution [0.006% NaClO] and 2.000% of nontreated stock seed while, no V. dahliae was recovered from stock seed surveyed when seeds were embedded in streptomycin amended Nash-Snyder and water agar mediums. Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum accounted for 59% and 29% of the Fusarium species recovered from seed. Four strains of F. proliferatum and 3 F. oxysporum were evaluated in greenhouse studies during 2013 and all strains tested caused disease on red radish seedlings. To more closely examine the link between wilting seed parent plants and the hybrid daughter seed they produce we surveyed the daughter seed of 35 randomly selected, commercially-grown radish seed parent plants with wilt in addition to the daughter seed of plants where Fusarium or Verticillium species were recovered from vascular discolorations in the storage root. Fusarium oxysporum was recovered from 12% of seed surveyed, while F. culmorum and F. sambucinum were recovered from 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively, of daughter seed surveyed. Forty-two percent of F. oxysporum strains recovered from daughter seed came from parent plants from which F. oxysporum was recovered from discolored vascular tissue. This study confirms that F. oxysporum can be associated with red radish seed and can be vertically transmitted. This is the first report of F. proliferatum as a pathogen on red radish and can be associated with seed

Emerald ash borer and its implications for Washington state

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a destructive invasive insect native to eastern Asia that was accidentally introduced to North America in the Detroit, Michigan, area in the 1990s. Since then, EAB has caused almost 100% ash mortality in the areas it has spread in North America. Despite quarantine and control measures, EAB continues to spread across the US and parts of Canada. In June 2022, EAB was found in northwest Oregon near the Washington border. Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), the Pacific Northwest s (PNW) only native ash species, is highly susceptible to EAB and could experience significant mortality throughout the region. Susceptible ash species native to Europe and eastern North America are commonly used as ornamentals in Washington cities, so urban and community forests could also be significantly impacted. This publication is intended for Extension professionals, Master Gardeners, public agency personnel, tree care professionals, and those who are interested in an in-depth review of the current state of knowledge about EAB and the implications for potential damage and mitigation strategies in Washington State. A separate publication, Managing Emerald Ash Borer in Washington State (Zobrist et al. 2023), is available for readers looking for a summary of EAB identification, distribution, impacts, and management recommendations

Managing emerald ash borer in Washington state

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a destructive invasive insect pest that has caused almost 100% ash mortality where it has spread in North America. Native to Asia, EAB was accidentally introduced in Michigan in the 1990s and has since spread across North America, killing hundreds of millions of ash trees. In June 2022, EAB was found infesting ash in northwest Oregon, near the Washington border. This publication summarizes EAB identification and current management recommendations. A separate Washington State University Extension publication, titled Emerald Ash Borer and Its Implications for Wash ington State, is available for readers looking for detailed information (Zobrist et al. 2023)

2024 pest management guide for grapes in Washington

The Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington presents various chemicals and their uses against pest problems in Washington vineyards. While the recommendations are based on eastern Washington conditions, the information may often be applied to similar pest problems found throughout the state. Specific and more detailed information on pests and diseases can be found in the Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards (PNW644). Recommendations are suggested guidelines. They are not intended to represent pest control programs. The use of other materials and varying rates and treatments for control of particular pests depends on individual circumstances

2023 pest management guide for grapes in Washington

The Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington presents various chemicals and their uses against pest problems in Washington vineyards. While the recommendations are based on eastern Washington conditions, the information may often be applied to similar pest problems found throughout the state. Specific and more detailed information on pests and diseases can be found in the Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Pacific Northwest Vineyards (PNW644). Recommendations are suggested guidelines. They are not intended to represent pest control programs. The use of other materials and varying rates and treatments for control of particular pests depends on individual circumstances

Antiviral epithelial-macrophage crosstalk permits secondary bacterial infections

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by most known cell types as a form of intercellular communication to influence the physiological function of neighboring cells. During respiratory viral-bacterial coinfection, the preceding antiviral response can lead to an impaired antibacterial response, driven by miscommunication between cells responding to viruses and cells responding to bacteria. Previous studies have shown that antiviral signaling can influence EV cargo and promote antiviral defense in the recipient cell; however, how antiviral EVs may influence host defense against coinfecting microorganisms, specifically bacteria, is not known. Herein, we demonstrated that EVs released from the respiratory epithelium during antiviral signaling alter macrophage inflammatory signaling, induce anti-inflammatory metabolic reprogramming, and impair antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a common coinfecting bacterial pathogen. Further proteomic analysis revealed that antiviral EVs are preferentially loaded with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a metabolic enzyme with immunomodulatory effects, and treatment with antiviral EVs leads to increased PKM2 in macrophages. Moreover, we showed that antiviral EV-treated macrophages displayed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic profile consistent with impaired S. aureus clearance, and that this metabolic state is phenocopied in macrophages treated with a PKM2 activator. Taken together, our findings identify EVs as a component of the epithelial antiviral response that contributes to impaired bacterial clearance through epithelial-macrophage crosstalk and suggest a role for EVs in driving disease progression during respiratory coinfection. IMPORTANCE Miscommunication of antiviral and antibacterial immune signals drives worsened morbidity and mortality during respiratory viral-bacterial coinfections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a form of intercellular communication with broad implications during infection, and here we show that epithelium-derived EVs released during the antiviral response impair the antibacterial activity of macrophages, an innate immune cell crucial for bacterial control in the airway. Macrophages exposed to antiviral EVs display reduced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus as well as altered inflammatory signaling and anti-inflammatory metabolic reprogramming, thus revealing EVs as a source of dysregulated epithelium-macrophage crosstalk during coinfection. As effective epithelium-macrophage communication is critical in mounting an appropriate immune response, this novel observation of epithelium-macrophage crosstalk shaping macrophage metabolism and antimicrobial function provides exciting new insight and improves our understanding of immune dysfunction during respiratory coinfections