Dietas artificiais incorporadas ou não a colmos triturados de variedades de cana-de-açúcar na biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

It was studied the incorporation or not of shredded stems of sugarcane varieties to artificial diets and their effect in the biology of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Protection of FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2007, using diets with different amounts of their components (100, 75, 25 e 25% of concentration of the standard diet). The experiment had a complete randomized design in a 4x3 factorial scheme, using 4 concentrations of diets and three treatments, in a total of 12, with 6 replications. The larval, pupal an total periods and viability were evaluated, as well as the larval weight at 15 days, the pupal weight after 24 hours and the longevity of adults without feeding. The diet with 25% concentration of the components compared to the standard diet had a negative effect in the development of D. saccharlis larvae. Shredded dry stalks incorporated or not to the diet affected only the larval and pupal weight whereas the larval weight was more affected when the resistant (RB83-5486) and susceptible (SP80-3280) varieties due to the use of diet with 50% of its components. The diet with 100% concentration of its components are more favorable to the development of D. saccharalis, with 25% while that is less favorable. The diet with 100% concentration of the components associated with the presence of SP80-3280 (susceptible) stem variety provides greater larval weight. The weights of larvae and pupae of insects are negatively affected when RB83-5486 (resistant) shredded dry stem variety is incorporated into the diet. regarding to larval weight the diet with 50% of the concentration of its components provides better discrimination between genotypes resistant and susceptible to sugarcane borer

Diamondback moth oviposition nonpreference in cauliflower genotypes

The Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is one of the main plague-insect specie of Brassicaceae plants in Brazil and all over the world. The resistant genotypes use to its control is a promising alternative. This work aimed evaluates the eggs distribution along the plant, the adults' density per plant, and determine the cauliflower genotypes effect in the P. xylostella oviposition. The experiment was carried out at FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal Campus Phytossanity Department (Departamento de Fitossanidade). It was evaluated the eggs distribution, the P. xylostella adults density effect using Sharon hybrid, and tests with or without choose choice to determine the P. xylostella nonpreference in the Teresopolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak, and Piracicaba Precoce genotypes. It is possible conclude that P. xylostella has higher willingness to oviposits in the stem than in the basal leaves. The three couple density of P. xylostella per plant is the best to discriminate cauliflower genotypes regarding the resistance grade to nonpreference choose choice to oviposition. During the P. xylostella oviposition preference tests with choose choice, the genotypes Sharon, Piracicaba Precoce, Barcelona, Verona e Teresopolis Gigante are less desirable to oviposition; while during the no choose choice tests the genotypes did not differ among them.A traça-das-crucíferas, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), é uma das principais espécies de inseto-praga de plantas da família Brassicaceae no Brasil e no mundo. A utilização de genótipos resistentes para o seu controle é uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição dos ovos na planta, a densidade de adultos por planta e determinar o efeito de genótipos de couve-flor na oviposição de P. xylostella. O experimento foi desenvolvido na área experimental do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Foram utilizados os genótipos Teresópolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak e Piracicaba Precoce. A distribuição de ovos e o efeito da densidade de adultos de P. xylostella foram avaliados somente com a utilização do genótipo Sharon. Enquanto nos testes para determinar o efeito de genótipos de couve-flor na oviposição da P. xylostella foram avaliados além do genótipo Sharon o Teresópolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak e Piracicaba Precoce. Concluiu-se que a P. xylostella tem maior preferência para ovipositar no caule do que nas folhas basais da planta. A densidade de três casais de adultos de P. xylostella por planta é a melhor para discriminar genótipos de couve-flor quanto aos graus de resistência para não-preferência para oviposição. Nos testes de preferência para oviposição de P. xylostella com chance de escolha os genótipos Sharon, Piracicaba Precoce, Barcelona, Verona e Teresópolis Gigante são os menos preferidos para oviposição, enquanto nos testes sem chance de escolha os genótipos não diferiram entre si

Mosca-Negra-dos-Citros: Características Gerais, Bioecologia e Métodos de Controle dessa Importante Praga Quarentenária da Citricultura Brasileira

Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is a serious pest of citrus culture and other economically important fruit crops. It is a present quarantine pest or A2 maximum alert restricting trades with other regions free of its presence. Since the frst occurrence of the citrus blackfly in Belem in 2001 its dissemination was quickly to other States and regions of citrus production in Brazil. As an exotic pest, basic knowledge is scarce in order to establish the appropriate management to the insect in Brazil. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide information about important aspects of A. woglumi, such as: history and geographical distribution, bioecology, host plants, appropriate control methods, among others, in order to provide subsidies for futures researches about the citrus blackfly in Brazil

Não-preferência para oviposição de traça-das-crucíferas em genótipos de couve-flor

The Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is one of the main plague-insect specie of Brassicaceae plants in Brazil and all over the world. The resistant genotypes use to its control is a promising alternative. This work aimed evaluates the eggs distribution along the plant, the adults' density per plant, and determine the cauliflower genotypes effect in the P. xylostella oviposition. The experiment was carried out at FCAV/UNESP-Jaboticabal Campus Phytossanity Department (Departamento de Fitossanidade). It was evaluated the eggs distribution, the P. xylostella adults density effect using Sharon hybrid, and tests with or without choose choice to determine the P. xylostella nonpreference in the Teresopolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak, and Piracicaba Precoce genotypes. It is possible conclude that P. xylostella has higher willingness to oviposits in the stem than in the basal leaves. The three couple density of P. xylostella per plant is the best to discriminate cauliflower genotypes regarding the resistance grade to nonpreference choose choice to oviposition. During the P. xylostella oviposition preference tests with choose choice, the genotypes Sharon, Piracicaba Precoce, Barcelona, Verona e Teresopolis Gigante are less desirable to oviposition; while during the no choose choice tests the genotypes did not differ among them.A traça-das-crucíferas, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), é uma das principais espécies de inseto-praga de plantas da família Brassicaceae no Brasil e no mundo. A utilização de genótipos resistentes para o seu controle é uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição dos ovos na planta, a densidade de adultos por planta e determinar o efeito de genótipos de couve-flor na oviposição de P. xylostella. O experimento foi desenvolvido na área experimental do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Foram utilizados os genótipos Teresópolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak e Piracicaba Precoce. A distribuição de ovos e o efeito da densidade de adultos de P. xylostella foram avaliados somente com a utilização do genótipo Sharon. Enquanto nos testes para determinar o efeito de genótipos de couve-flor na oviposição da P. xylostella foram avaliados além do genótipo Sharon o Teresópolis Gigante, Verona, Barcelona, Sharon, Silver Streak e Piracicaba Precoce. Concluiu-se que a P. xylostella tem maior preferência para ovipositar no caule do que nas folhas basais da planta. A densidade de três casais de adultos de P. xylostella por planta é a melhor para discriminar genótipos de couve-flor quanto aos graus de resistência para não-preferência para oviposição. Nos testes de preferência para oviposição de P. xylostella com chance de escolha os genótipos Sharon, Piracicaba Precoce, Barcelona, Verona e Teresópolis Gigante são os menos preferidos para oviposição, enquanto nos testes sem chance de escolha os genótipos não diferiram entre si

Técnica de criação e parâmetros biológicos de Stegasta bosquella em amendoim

Studies with Stegasta bosquella in peanut crop are little explored by researchers, mainly by the need of obtaining, in the field, a large quantity of closed leaflets. Therefore, it was sought a way of rearing in a natural diet that facilitates the attainment of the insect. The research was developed at the Laboratorio de Resistencia de Plantas a Insetos (FCAV/Jaboticabal) (T: 25 +/- 2 degrees C, RH 60 +/- 10% and photophase: 12 hours) (Runner IAC 886). The rearing stock of was carried out by collecting caterpillars from the field and keeping them in flat bottom glass tubes until adult emergence and test performance. Caterpillars were individualized in Petri dish plates, lined with moistened filter paper, which contained closed and early opened leaflets, but closed with paper clips (imitating the closed leaflet). A randomized design with two treatments and 36 repetitions was used. After the pupae formation, they were separated into five couples and the adults were kept in transparent plastic cages containing a peanut stem with leaves for oviposition, and fed with a 10% honey solution. The duration and viability of the larval and pupal periods, male and female longevity with and without food, and fertility were evaluated. The two forms of larvae rearing (closed leaflet and leaflet closed with clips) did not influence on any of the studied parameters. Therefore, the rearing of S. bosquella becomes feasible in natural diet, which means there is no need to use the enclosed leaflets for this purpose, and implies the easiness for rearing.Estudos com Stegasta bosquella na cultura do amendoinzeiro são pouco explorados pelos pesquisadores, principalmente pela necessidade da obtenção, no campo, de grande quantidade de folíolos fechados. Diante disso, buscou-se uma forma de criação em dieta natural que facilite a obtenção do inseto. O ensaio foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos (FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal) (T: 25 ± 2 °C, UR: 60 ± 10% e fotofase: 12 horas). A criação estoque foi realizada coletando lagartas no campo e mantendo-as em tubos de vidro de fundo chato até a emergência dos adultos para, na geração seguinte, realizar o teste. Lagartas foram individualizadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel filtro umedecido, contendo folíolos fechados e folíolos recém abertos, porém fechados com clipes de papel (imitando o folíolo fechado), sendo estes folíolos da cultivar Runner IAC 886. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e 36 repetições. Ao atingirem a fase de pupa, estas foram separadas em cinco casais e os adultos mantidos em gaiolas de plástico transparentes contendo uma haste de amendoim com folíolos para oviposição, alimentados com solução de mel a 10%. Avaliou-se a duração e a viabilidade dos estágios larval e pupal, a longevidade de machos e fêmeas com e sem alimento e a fecundidade. As duas formas de criação não influenciaram os parâmetros estudados. Com isso a criação de S. bosquella torna-se viável em dieta natural, não havendo a necessidade da utilização de somente folíolos fechados para isso, o que implica na facilidade de criação

Oviposition preference assessment of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for different soybean genotypes

This study assessed current research methods and applied them to tests of oviposition preference by Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) for different soybean genotypes; the correlation between the number of eggs per plant and leaf intake was evaluated. The experiments were divided into four parts: (i) assessing the preferred oviposition substrate; (ii) standardizing the number of D.speciosa pairs, (iii) evaluating the preferred soybean plant age, and (iv) testing the preference for oviposition on different soybean genotypes, and evaluating its correlation with leaf intake under laboratory conditions. Females of D.speciosa preferred to lay eggs in the soil, with the highest number of eggs laid in the presence of a growing soybean plant. The genotypes PI 227687, DM 339, and PI 274454 were the least preferred varieties for oviposition, while BRSGO 8360 was the most preferred genotype. Egg counts were not correlated with leaf intake, except for the variety IGRA RA 626 RR, which showed positive correlation. Our discoveries may be helpful for second-crop use of resistant genotypes in areas where different crops are cultivated, by reducing the pest density off-season.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Não preferência para alimentação e aspectos biológicos de Spodoptera eridania em cultivares de feijão-caupi

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the no-preference for feeding and biological aspects of Spodoptera eridania fed on cowpea cultivars BR17 Gurgueia, BRS Urubuquara, BRS Nova Era, Sempre Verde, BRS Milenio and BR3 Tracuateua. In free-choice test, leaf discs were placed in Petri dishes where one third instar larvae per cultivar was released, whereas in no-choice test one leaf disc was placed per Petri dish where one caterpillar per cultivar was released, evaluating their attractiveness after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360 and 720 minutes, as well as the leaf area consumed. Randomized blocks and complete randomized blocks design were used for free-choice and no-choice tests, respectively, with six treatments and 10 replications. The evaluation of the biological parameters of S. eridania was carried out in Petri dishes where recently hatched caterpillars were transferred in the proportion of one per dish, and the leafs of the cultivars were offered to them during the whole larval period, and we evaluated: periods and viabilities of larvae and pupae, overall viability, weight of larvae and pupae, sex ratio, longevity and overall cycle. Complete randomized design was used with six treatments and 30 replications. In no- preference for feeding free-choice test the cultivars Sempre Verde and BR17 Gurgueia were the most and the least consumed, respectively. Regarding the effects of cowpea cultivars on larval viability we can infer that BRS Urubuquara and Sempre Verde show antibiosis-type resistance to S. eridania.O objetivo foi avaliar a não preferência para alimentação e aspectos biológicos de Spodoptera eridania alimentadas com as cultivares de feijão-caupi BR17 Gurgueia, BRS Urubuquara, BRS Nova Era, Sempre Verde, BRS Milênio e BR3 Tracuateua. No teste de não preferência com chance de escolha, discos foliares foram colocados em placas de Petri onde foi liberada uma lagarta de 3º ínstar por cultivar, enquanto no sem chance de escolha foi colocado um disco foliar por placa com a liberação de uma lagarta por cultivar, avaliando-se sua atratividade após 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360 e 720 minutos, bem como a área foliar consumida. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso e inteiramente casualizado para os testes com e sem chance de escolha, respectivamente, com seis tratamentos e 10 repetições. A avaliação dos parâmetros biológicos de S. eridania foi conduzida em placas de Petri onde foram transferidas lagartas recém-eclodidas na proporção de uma por placa, sendo oferecidas folhas das cultivares durante todo o período larval e avaliou-se: períodos e viabilidades larval e pupal, viabilidade total, peso de lagartas e pupas, razão sexual, longevidade e ciclo total. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e 30 repetições. No teste com chance de escolha, as cultivares Sempre Verde e BR17 Gurgueia foram as mais e menos consumidas, respectivamente. Com base nos efeitos das cultivares de feijão-caupi sobre a viabilidade larval, pode-se inferir que BRS Urubuquara e Sempre Verde apresentam resistência do tipo antibiose a S. eridania

Divergência genética de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar quanto à resistência a Diatraea saccharalis

The objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cultivars in sugar cane for resistance to D. saccharalis. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory in completely randomized design with 11 treatments (one control and 10 treatments) in ten replications. The replications were made from artificial diets (food and refood) made with dry steam crushed from sugar cane cultivars stems, except for one of them considered standard diet. The cultivars used were: RB867515, RB855453, RB855536, CTC 15, CTC 9, SP80-1842, SP79-1011, SP89-1115, SP81-3250 and SP87-365. In the evaluation biological characteristics of the insect considered were: larval development (days), larval viability (%), pupal development (days), pupal weight (g), pupal viability (%), period of hatched larvae to adults emergence (days), total viability (%) and adults longevity without food (days). The generalized Mahalanobis distance (D-2) for the cluster analysis by the method of average linkage between groups (UPGMA) and Tocher's method optimization was determined. Four and five groups were formed, respectively, by the method of average linkage between groups (UPGMA) and Tocher's method optimization. We concluded that the cultivar CTC 15 standed out as highly susceptible to D. saccharalis, while the cultivar SP87-365 behaved as moderately resistant by antibiosis to D. saccharalis