Chalazion, a Benign Eyelid Tumour – The Sagamu Experience

Aim: To study the demographic characteristics, pattern of presentation and type of treatment of chalazion in Sagamu, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to review all the cases seen and diagnosed as chalazion in the eye clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital [OOUTH], Sagamu between January 1997 and December 2007. Data was obtained from the clinic attendance register, the register of minor office procedure and the case files. The age, sex, pattern of presentation and type oftreatment given were recorded.Result: Ninety-seven cases (0.7%) out of a total of 13,605 new cases seen during the period under review were diagnosed as chalazion although 59 case records were available for review. There were 46 males and 51 females with a mean age of 25.3 years. Thirty-nine cases (40.2%) were between the ages of 21 and 30 years. Twenty-one cases (42.9%) presented with multiple chalazia while 32 cases (65.3%) had chalazion onlyin their upper eyelids. Forty-four cases (74.6%) were treated with incision and curettage.Conclusion: Chalazion is not a common ocular problem. Youngage at presentation and multiple lesions are significant findings. Surgery is the standard method of treatment

Eye injuries in children the Sagamu experience

Objective: To describe the pattern of eye injuries in children at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria.Methods: The records of all children 16years and below presenting with eye injuries to the Eye clinic between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, cause of injury, time of  presentation, the injured eye, visual acuity at presentation, diagnosis, intraocular pressure, treatment given, post treatment visual acuities at one week, one month and three months were obtained and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 131 case notes were available for analysis. The age range of affected children was 9months to16 years: mean (SD) - 8.56years(4.18).The male female ratio was 2:1. The majority of affected children were age 6- 10 years. The right eye was involved in 55.7% of cases. The most common agent of injury was stick (22.1%), followed by slap.Conclusion: Intensifying health education to the children, parents and teachers will go a long way in reducing ocular injuries and vision loss in children

Orbital Loiasis Masquerading as Orbital Cellulitis: A Case Series

Background: Orbital loiasis is a rare ocular disease which is sparsely reported in the literature. It is caused by the human filarial parasite, Loa loa, which is rarely found in other continents except in Africa and among African immigrants. The ocular presentation of orbital loiasis is similar to orbital cellulitis, thus, a high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective description of the patients diagnosed and treated for orbital loiasis in a tertiary health facility in Ogun State, Nigeria between 1998 and 2013 was done. Data on the demographic characteristics, place of residence of the patients, symptoms, signs, and results of ancillary investigations were retrieved from the records. Result: Three cases of presumed orbital loiasis were seen within the study period. All the patients presented with sudden onset of ocular pain with proptosis without the history of shifting body or facial swellings or visible worm in their eyes. Other features recorded in all the three patients included severe axial proptosis, eyelid oedema with mechanical ptosis, conjunctival injection with chemosis and restriction of ocular motility in all positions of gaze. Full blood count revealed eosinophilia while the radiological investigation was neither in keeping with sinusitis, thyroid-related orbital disease or orbital pseudotumor. Treatment was switched to Diethylcarbamazine when there was no satisfactory clinical response to the initial antibiotics and all the patients had a good outcome. Conclusion: Orbital loiasis should be suspected when orbital cellulitis cases appear to be recalcitrant to treatment with antibiotics, particularly when there is eosinophilia on peripheral blood film

Bilateral visual loss from sphenoidal sinus Aspergillosis

Sphenoidal sinus aspergillosis is a rare disease which is difficult to diagnose due to its protean presentations. This report aims to describe bilateral loss of vision in a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus following aspergillosis of the right sphenoidal sinus. A 59-year old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented with a right-sided frontal headache of sudden onset which was associated with blurring of vision, all of two days duration. Her vision with correction was initially normal at 6/9 in each eye and funduscopy was normal. Two weeks into the illness, the vision became nil perception of light in the right eye. The persistence of a headache coupled with loss of vision in the left eye five months later led to neurosurgical evaluation and subsequent craniotomy. At craniotomy, pus and inflammatory tissue were found matting together the optic nerves and chiasma. Histology of the specimen showed features of aspergillosis. This case was instructive due to the rarity of sphenoidal aspergillosis/fungus ball involving the sellar/parasellar region. Delay in management can lead to blindness from optic nerve/chiasma involvement. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is required although CT scan and MRI are the ultimate diagnostic tools

Quality of Sleep and Psychological Distress in Glaucoma

Background: People living with glaucoma are psychologically burdened because of the threat of visual loss. Therefore, understanding the psychosocial issues and quality of sleep holds important implications for the recognition, prevention, and treatment of emotional problems among people with glaucoma. This study investigated the quality of sleep and psychological distress among people with glaucoma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adults recruited over a period of 12 weeks from a glaucoma clinic of a Teaching Hospital in south-west Nigeria. The quality of sleep and psychological distress were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and General Health Questionnaire respectively. Results: Ninety-three adults with glaucoma participated in the study. The mean age was 62.33 ± 15.25 years. Fifty-seven (61.3%) of the subjects were poor sleepers while 27 (29.0%) were psychologically distressed. Psychological distress correlated with global sleep score (r = 0.399, p = 0.000), subjective sleep quality (r = 0.341, p = 0.001), sleep latency (r = 0.245, p = 0.018) and sleep disturbance (r = 0.279, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Psychological distress and sleep disturbances were common among patients with glaucoma. Concerns about these issues should be incorporated into routine clinical evaluations of patients with glaucoma

Ankyloblepharon Filiforme Adnatum in an African Baby – A case report

Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum is a congenital malformation of the lid margins, wherein the lids are connected by fine strands of extensible tissue. It can occur sporadically or be inherited as an autosomal dominant gene with variable penetrance. The abnormality is easily amenable to surgical lysis, but it is important to examine the baby for other congenital abnormalities. We present a two-week-old baby with this condition, who like other associated ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia clefting syndrome (AEC) has severe skin desquamation. Key Words: congenital anomaly, congenital ankylobepharon, lid malformation Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.12 (1) 2004: 29-3

Congenital eye disease at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 15(3) July-September 2006: 291-29

Ocular emergency- A case report

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 14(3) 2005: 327-32

Destructive eye surgeries in Sagamu

In a retrospective hospital-based study, case records of all patients who had their eyes removed at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu (OOUTH) from January 2000 to December 2003 wer retrieved and reviewed. The age, sex, indications for surgery and type of surgery done were recorded. Twenty-nine patients had destructive eye surgeries during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 29.69±16.93 years (range 1 - 85 years). Male: female ratio was 3.1:1. Evisceration was the most common destructive operation performed (62.07 percent n=18) while the most common indication for eye removal was trauma (48.28 percent n=14) followed by panophthalmitis (20.69 percent n=6) and malignant tumors (13.79 percent n=4). Less common indications were expulsive haemorrahage (3.45%n=1) and painful blind eye (3.45% n=1). Ocular trauma with badly traumatized eye, panophthalmitis and malignant tumors were the most common causes of destructive eye surgery.Keywords: retrospective study, eye removal Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 48(2) 2005: 474

Ocular Myiasis in a Nigerian Adolescent: A Case Report

Ocular myiasis is a rare condition with varying consequences, from mild to life threatening condition. This case of ocular myiasis is presented to highlight the challenges in making a clinical diagnosis. The study is a case report of a 16-year old female pupil who presented with five months history of “extrusion of worms” from her left eye. An initial assessment of loasis was made until she brought a sample of what she called “worms.” Laboratory examination of the specimen using a magnifying glass revealed a larva. The girl was treated conservatively with a combination of topical antibiotic and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after trimming the eyelashes. On immediate follow up, the girl had no residual visual challenges. Although ocular myiasis is rare, a high index of clinical suspicion is required and myiasis should be considered a differential diagnosis of loasis