4 research outputs found

    Raman spectroscopy associated with chemometrics for determining Origanum oil adulteration

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    Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile and semivolatile compounds (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters) obtained usually by hydro-distillation from the dry or fresh plant material (seeds, leaves, stems, bark or wood) [1]. Most of the EOs are used in aroma therapy, plant protection (as pesticide), food industry (as food preservatives), perfume industry etc. Because of high demand, EOs are often counterfeited and the quality of EOs is usually controlled by gas chromatography. The aim of this paper is to analyze Origanum oil and its counterfeits by Raman spectroscopy. As an adulterant sunflower oil was used. Adulterated essential oils contained 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 % of sunflower oil. Raman spectra of pure Origano oil and its counterfeits were measured by Witec R300 system equipped with 532 nm laser. Visual inspection of raw spectra led to conclusion that band at 2851 cm-1 is a marker for sunflower oil presence in Origanum oil. However, this band was obvious only when concentration of sunflower oil is higher than, or equal to 10% and could not be seen in lower concentration. In order to reveal presence of this this band in lower concentration, region between 2800 and 3000 cm-1 was subjected to derivatization and then smoothing. Results displayed that Raman spectroscopy in combination with mathematical transformation of spectra can reveal small concentration of unwanted adulterant in Origanum oil

    Genotoxicity of triiodothyronine: Effects on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes in vitro

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    There is increasing evidence that substances which are normally present in human or animal bodies may, under the certain circumstances, exhibit deleterious effects on genetic material, therefore acting as endogenous mutagenic agents. Since hormones represent one of the best studied endogenous mutagens, some research focused on the possible role of thyroid hormone in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Indeed, thyroid hormones accelerate aerobic metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, therefore, may exhibit mutagenic effects in various test systems on mammalian cells. However, possible mutagenic effects on prokaryotic DNA has not been investigated so far. Hence, the aim of this research was to compare the sensitivity of TA 100 Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic activation with S9 fraction, and human lymphocytes to possible genotoxic effects of triiodothyronine (T3). Therefore, we used the reverse mutation assay on S. typhimurium (Ames test) and in vitro Comet assay in isolated peripheral blood human lymphocytes. In both tests-systems a broad spectrum of T3 concentrations was applied. The obtained results showed absence of genotoxic effects of T3 in bacterial reverse mutation assay and very profound genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes at concentrations higher than 15 μM. We only observed cytotoxic effects in bacterial system at very high T3 concentrations (300 and 500 μM). In conclusion, T3 was unable to increase the level of reverse mutations in Ames test both with and without S9 mix. Therefore, it seems that ROS production in mitochondria may be the primary cause of DNA damage caused by T3 in mammalian cells. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III46002

    Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils, Lysozyme, and Vitamins’ Blend on Layer Hen Performance, Viral Vaccinal Response, and Egg Quality Characteristics

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    Maintaining respiratory tract health is crucial for layers, impacting gut health, laying performance, and egg quality. Viral diseases and standard vaccinations can compromise tracheal epithelium function, leading to oxidative stress. This study assessed the impact of a blend of feed additives, predominantly lysozyme (L), essential oils (EO), and vitamins (VIT) (referred to as L + EO + VIT), on young layers during an oral vaccination schedule. The supplementation significantly enhanced antibody titers for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) after vaccination, trachea functionality and intestinal health in the jejunum, increased egg production, and exhibited a trend toward higher egg weight. Although feed intake showed no significant difference, egg quality remained consistent across experimental groups. Moreover, L + EO + VIT supplementation elevated total phenolic content in eggs, improving oxidative stability in both fresh and stored eggs, particularly under iron-induced oxidation. Notably, it substantially reduced yolk lipid peroxidation and albumen protein carbonyls. In conclusion, water supplementation with L + EO + VIT may enhance humoral immune response to IBV and NDV, positively impacting hen productivity. These findings indicate improved tracheal function and enhanced oxidative stability, emphasizing the potential of this blend in promoting overall health and performance in layers
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