Processing personal data without the consent of the data subject for the development and use of language resources

The development and use of language resources often involve the processing of personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes an EU-wide framework for the processing of personal data for research purposes while at the same time allowing for some flexibility on the part of the Member States. The paper discusses the legal framework for language research following the entry into force of the GDPR. In the first section, we present some fundamental concepts of data protection relevant to language research. In the second section, the general framework of processing personal data for research purposes is discussed. In the last section, we focus on the models that certain EU Member States use to regulate data processing for research purposes.Peer reviewe

The Interaction of Personal Data, Intellectual Property and Freedom of Expression in the Context of Language Research

Peer reviewe

The Extent of Legal Control over Language Data : the Case of Language Technologies

The article aims to increase legal clarity concerning the impact of data containing copyrighted content and personal data on the development of language technologies. The question is whether legal rights covering data affect language models

The Impact of Copyright and Personal Data Laws on the Creation and Use of Models for Language Technologies

The authors address the legal issues relating to the creation and use of language models. The article begins with an explanation of the development of language technologies. The authors analyse the technological process within the framework copyright, related rights and personal data protection law. The authors also cover commercial use of language models. The authors’ main argument is that legal restrictions applicable to language data containing copyrighted material and personal data usually do not apply to language models. Language models are generally not considered derivative works. Due to a wide range of language models, this position is not absolute.Peer reviewe