6,542 research outputs found
A Monte Carlo study of surface critical phenomena: The special point
We study the special point in the phase diagram of a semi-infinite system,
where the bulk transition is in the three-dimensional Ising universality class.
To this end we perform a finite size scaling study of the improved Blume-Capel
model on the simple cubic lattice with two different types of surface
interactions. In order to check for the effect of leading bulk corrections we
have also simulated the spin-1/2 Ising model on the simple cubic lattice. We
have accurately estimated the surface enhancement coupling at the special point
of these models. We find and for the
surface renormalization group exponents of the special transitions. These
results are compared with previous ones obtained by using field theoretic
methods and Monte Carlo simulations of the spin-1/2 Ising model. Furthermore we
study the behaviour of the surface transition near the special point and
finally we discuss films with special boundary conditions at one surface and
fixed ones at the other.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures. figure 1 replaced, various typos correcte
Spin transport in magnetic multilayers
We study by extensive Monte Carlo simulations the transport of itinerant
spins travelling inside a multilayer composed of three ferromagnetic films
antiferromagnetically coupled to each other in a sandwich structure. The two
exterior films interact with the middle one through non magnetic spacers. The
spin model is the Ising one and the in-plane transport is considered. Various
interactions are taken into account. We show that the current of the itinerant
spins going through this system depends strongly on the magnetic ordering of
the multilayer: at temperatures below (above) the transition temperature
, a strong (weak) current is observed. This results in a strong jump of
the resistance across . Moreover, we observe an anomalous variation,
namely a peak, of the spin current in the critical region just above . We
show that this peak is due to the formation of domains in the temperature
region between the low- ordered phase and the true paramagnetic disordered
phase. The existence of such domains is known in the theory of critical
phenomena. The behavior of the resistance obtained here is compared to a recent
experiment. An excellent agreement with our physical interpretation is
observed. We also show and discuss effects of various physical parameters
entering our model such as interaction range, strength of electric and magnetic
fields and magnetic film and non magnetic spacer thicknesses.Comment: 8 pages, 17 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Cond Matte
Acne resolution rates: Results of a single-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel phase III trial with EE/CMA (Belara (R)) and EE/LNG (Microgynon (R))
Background and Objective: Acne in women can often be successfully treated by the intake of oral contraceptives containing gestagens with anti-androgenic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the monophasic oral contraceptive ethinylestradiol/chlormadinone acetate (EE/CMA; Belara (R)) for the treatment of mild to moderate papulopustular acne of the face and acne-related disorders in comparison to EE/levonorgestrel (LNG; Microgynon (R)). Methods: 199 female acne patients were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, multicentre phase III study and divided into two groups who received either EE/CMA or EE/LNG. The primary end point was fulfilled if the number of papules/pustules per half of the face present on admission had decreased by at least 50% in the 12th medication cycle. Results: 59.4% of the women under EE/CMA and 45.9% under EE/LNG were responders. The relative frequency of women with complete resolution was 16.5% under EE/CMA and 4.3% under EE/LNG at cycle 12. Conclusion: EE/CMA is an efficient treatment for women with mild and moderate papulopustular acne of the face and related disorders, reflecting the well-known anti-androgenic properties of the progestogen CMA. Copyright (C) 2001 S, Karger AG, Basel
Macroeconometric Modelling with a Global Perspective
This paper provides a synthesis and further development of a global modelling approach introduced in Pesaran, Schuermann and Weiner (2004), where country specific models in the form of VARX* structures are estimated relating a vector of domestic variables to their foreign counterparts and then consistently combined to form a Global VAR (GVAR). It is shown that VARX* models can be derived as the solution to a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model where over-identifying long-run theoretical relations can be tested and imposed if acceptable. Similarly, short-run over-identifying theoretical restrictions can be tested and imposed if accepted. The assumption of the weak exogeneity of the foreign variables for the long-run parameters can be tested, where foreign variables can be interpreted as proxies for global factors. Rather than using deviations from ad hoc statistical trends, the equilibrium values of the variables reflecting the long-run theory embodied in the model can be calculated
Boundary critical behaviour at -axial Lifshitz points: the special transition for the case of a surface plane parallel to the modulation axes
The critical behaviour of -dimensional semi-infinite systems with
-component order parameter is studied at an -axial bulk
Lifshitz point whose wave-vector instability is isotropic in an -dimensional
subspace of . Field-theoretic renormalization group methods are
utilised to examine the special surface transition in the case where the
potential modulation axes, with , are parallel to the surface.
The resulting scaling laws for the surface critical indices are given. The
surface critical exponent , the surface crossover exponent
and related ones are determined to first order in
\epsilon=4+\case{m}{2}-d. Unlike the bulk critical exponents and the surface
critical exponents of the ordinary transition, is -dependent already
at first order in . The \Or(\epsilon) term of is
found to vanish, which implies that the difference of and
the bulk exponent is of order .Comment: 21 pages, one figure included as eps file, uses IOP style file
Parametric ordering of complex systems
Cellular automata (CA) dynamics are ordered in terms of two global
parameters, computable {\sl a priori} from the description of rules. While one
of them (activity) has been used before, the second one is new; it estimates
the average sensitivity of rules to small configurational changes. For two
well-known families of rules, the Wolfram complexity Classes cluster
satisfactorily. The observed simultaneous occurrence of sharp and smooth
transitions from ordered to disordered dynamics in CA can be explained with the
two-parameter diagram
A Rapid Dynamical Monte Carlo Algorithm for Glassy Systems
In this paper we present a dynamical Monte Carlo algorithm which is
applicable to systems satisfying a clustering condition: during the dynamical
evolution the system is mostly trapped in deep local minima (as happens in
glasses, pinning problems etc.). We compare the algorithm to the usual Monte
Carlo algorithm, using as an example the Bernasconi model. In this model, a
straightforward implementation of the algorithm gives an improvement of several
orders of magnitude in computational speed with respect to a recent, already
very efficient, implementation of the algorithm of Bortz, Kalos and Lebowitz.Comment: RevTex 7 pages + 4 figures (uuencoded) appended; LPS preprin
Error estimation and reduction with cross correlations
Besides the well-known effect of autocorrelations in time series of Monte
Carlo simulation data resulting from the underlying Markov process, using the
same data pool for computing various estimates entails additional cross
correlations. This effect, if not properly taken into account, leads to
systematically wrong error estimates for combined quantities. Using a
straightforward recipe of data analysis employing the jackknife or similar
resampling techniques, such problems can be avoided. In addition, a covariance
analysis allows for the formulation of optimal estimators with often
significantly reduced variance as compared to more conventional averages.Comment: 16 pages, RevTEX4, 4 figures, 6 tables, published versio
Kinetics of Phase Separation in Thin Films: Simulations for the Diffusive Case
We study the diffusion-driven kinetics of phase separation of a symmetric
binary mixture (AB), confined in a thin-film geometry between two parallel
walls. We consider cases where (a) both walls preferentially attract the same
component (A), and (b) one wall attracts A and the other wall attracts B (with
the same strength). We focus on the interplay of phase separation and wetting
at the walls, which is referred to as {\it surface-directed spinodal
decomposition} (SDSD). The formation of SDSD waves at the two surfaces, with
wave-vectors oriented perpendicular to them, often results in a metastable
layered state (also referred to as ``stratified morphology''). This state is
reminiscent of the situation where the thin film is still in the one-phase
region but the surfaces are completely wet, and hence coated with thick wetting
layers. This metastable state decays by spinodal fluctuations and crosses over
to an asymptotic growth regime characterized by the lateral coarsening of
pancake-like domains. These pancakes may or may not be coated by precursors of
wetting layers. We use Langevin simulations to study this crossover and the
growth kinetics in the asymptotic coarsening regime.Comment: 39 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.
Glass Polymorphism in TIP4P/2005 Water: A Description Based on the Potential Energy Landscape Formalism
The potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism is a statistical mechanical
approach to describe supercooled liquids and glasses. Here we use the PEL
formalism to study the pressure-induced transformations between low-density
amorphous ice (LDA) and high-density amorphous ice (HDA) using computer
simulations of the TIP4P/2005 molecular model of water. We find that the
properties of the PEL sampled by the system during the LDA-HDA transformation
exhibit anomalous behavior. In particular, at conditions where the change in
density during the LDA-HDA transformation is approximately discontinuous,
reminiscent of a first-order phase transition, we find that (i) the inherent
structure (IS) energy, , is a concave function of the volume,
and (ii) the IS pressure, , exhibits a van der Waals-like loop.
In addition, the curvature of the PEL at the IS is anomalous, a non-monotonic
function of . In agreement with previous studies, our work suggests that
conditions (i) and (ii) are necessary (but not sufficient) signatures of the
PEL for the LDA-HDA transformation to be reminiscent of a first-order phase
transition. We also find that one can identify two different regions of the
PEL, one associated to LDA and another to HDA. Our computer simulations are
performed using a wide range of compression/decompression and cooling rates. In
particular, our slowest cooling rate (0.01 K/ns) is within the experimental
rates employed in hyperquenching experiments to produce LDA. Interestingly, the
LDA-HDA transformation pressure that we obtain at K and at different
rates extrapolates remarkably well to the corresponding experimental pressure.Comment: Manuscript and Supplementary Materia
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