56 research outputs found
A quantum register using collective excitations in a Bose-Einstein condensate
A qubit made up of an ensemble of atoms is attractive due to its resistance
to atom losses, and many proposals to realize such a qubit are based on the
Rydberg blockade effect. In this work, we instead consider an experimentally
feasible protocol to coherently load a spin-dependent optical lattice from a
spatially overlapping Bose--Einstein condensate. Identifying each lattice site
as a qubit, with an empty or filled site as the qubit basis, we discuss how
high-fidelity single-qubit operations, two-qubit gates between arbitrary pairs
of qubits, and nondestructive measurements could be performed. In this setup,
the effect of atom losses has been mitigated, the atoms never need to be
removed from the ground state manifold, and separate storage and computational
bases for the qubits are not required, all of which can be significant sources
of decoherence in many other types of atomic qubits.Comment: 24+8 pages, 9 figure
Quantum measurement arrow of time and fluctuation relations for measuring spin of ultracold atoms
The origin of macroscopic irreversibility from microscopically time-reversible dynamical lawsāoften called the arrow-of-time problemāis of fundamental interest in both science and philosophy. Experimentally probing such questions in quantum theory requires systems with near-perfect isolation from the environment and long coherence times. Ultracold atoms are uniquely suited to this task. We experimentally demonstrate a striking parallel between the statistical irreversibility of wavefunction collapse and the arrow of time problem in the weak measurement of the quantum spin of an atomic cloud. Our experiments include statistically rare events where the arrow of time is inferred backward; nevertheless we provide evidence for absolute irreversibility and a strictly positive average arrow of time for the measurement process, captured by a fluctuation theorem. We further demonstrate absolute irreversibility for measurements performed on a quantum many-body entangled wavefunctionāa unique opportunity afforded by our platformāwith implications for studying quantum many-body dynamics and quantum thermodynamics
Atom interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates on the International Space Station
Quantum technologies are on the rise to change our daily life and thinking triggered by enormous advances in quantum enhanced communication, computation, metrology, and sensing. For many of these fields an operation in space will be essential to improve the relevance and significance of future applications. In particular, space-based quantum sensing will enable Earth observation missions, studies of relativistic geodesy, and tests of fundamental physical concepts with outstanding precision. The basis for these prospects is the realization of ultracold quantum gases in a microgravity environment. Ultracold quantum gases like Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) offer an excellent control over their external as well as internal degrees of freedom allowing for extremely low expansion energies. Under microgravity conditions this control enables unrivaled long free observation times which render BECs exquisite sources for atom interferometry, where the sensitivity typically scales quadratically with the interrogation time.
Here we report on a series of BEC experiments performed with NASA's Cold Atom Lab aboard the International Space Station demonstrating first atom interferometers in orbit. By employing various Mach-Zehnder-type geometries we have realized magnetic gradiometers and successfully compared their outcome to complementary non-interferometric measurements. Moreover, we have characterized the atom source in great detail and have analyzed the current experimental limitations of the apparatus. Finally, we will provide an outlook on future experiments with CAL and beyond. These results pave the way towards future precision measurements with atom interferometers in space
Topological atom optics and beyond with knotted quantum wavefunctions
Atom optics demonstrates optical phenomena with coherent matter waves, providing a foundational connection between light and matter. Significant advances in optics have followed the realization of structured light fields hosting complex singularities and topologically non-trivial characteristics. However, analogous studies are still in their infancy in the field of atom optics. Here, we investigate and experimentally create knotted quantum wavefunctions in spinor BoseāEinstein condensates which display non-trivial topologies. In our work we construct coordinated orbital and spin rotations of the atomic wavefunction, engineering a variety of discrete symmetries in the combined spin and orbital degrees of freedom. The structured wavefunctions that we create map to the surface of a torus to form torus knots, Mƶbius strips, and a twice-linked Solomonās knot. In this paper we demonstrate close connections between the symmetries and underlying topologies of multicomponent atomic systems and of vector optical fieldsāa realization of topological atom-optics
Quantum Atomic Matter Near Two-Dimensional Materials in Microgravity
Novel two-dimensional (2D) atomically flat materials, such as graphene and
transition-metal dichalcogenides, exhibit unconventional Dirac electronic
spectra. We propose to effectively engineer their interactions with cold atoms
in microgravity, leading to a synergy between complex electronic and atomic
collective quantum phases and phenomena. Dirac materials are susceptible to
manipulation and quantum engineering via changes in their electronic properties
by application of strain, doping with carriers, adjustment of their dielectric
environment, etc. Consequently the interaction of atoms with such materials,
namely the van der Waals / Casimir-Polder interaction, can be effectively
manipulated, leading to the potential observation of physical effects such as
Quantum Reflection off atomically thin materials and confined Bose-Einstein
Condensate (BEC) frequency shifts.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; discussion and references adde
A Comprehensive GCāMS Sub-Microscale Assay for Fatty Acids and its Applications
Fatty acid analysis is essential to a broad range of applications including those associated with the nascent algal biofuel and algal bioproduct industries. Current fatty acid profiling methods require lengthy, sequential extraction and transesterification steps necessitating significant quantities of analyte. We report the development of a rapid, microscale, single-step, in situ protocol for GCāMS lipid analysis that requires only 250Ā Ī¼g dry mass per sample. We furthermore demonstrate the broad applications of this technique by profiling the fatty acids of several algal species, small aquatic organisms, insects and terrestrial plant material. When combined with fluorescent techniques utilizing the BODIPY dye family and flow cytometry, this micro-assay serves as a powerful tool for analyzing fatty acids in laboratory and field collected samples, for high-throughput screening, and for crop assessment. Additionally, the high sensitivity of the technique allows for population analyses across a wide variety of taxa
Perspective on Quantum Bubbles in Microgravity
Progress in understanding quantum systems has been driven by the exploration
of the geometry, topology, and dimensionality of ultracold atomic systems. The
NASA Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) aboard the International Space Station has
enabled the study of ultracold atomic bubbles, a terrestrially-inaccessible
topology. Proof-of-principle bubble experiments have been performed on CAL with
an rf-dressing technique; an alternate technique (dual-species
interaction-driven bubbles) has also been proposed. Both techniques can drive
discovery in the next decade of fundamental physics research in microgravity.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
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