Enhanced Channel Estimation Based On Basis Expansion Using Slepian Sequences for Time Varying OFDM Systems

The Channel estimation in OFDM has become very important to recover the accurate information from the received data as the next generation of wireless technology has very high data rate along with the very high speed mobile terminals as users. In addition the fast fading channels, ICI, multipath fading channels may completely destroy the data. Also it is required to use less complex method for estimation. We are proposing the method which compares the number of techniques and gives the results in BER Vs SNR graphs. The LS estimation technique is less complex as compared to MMSE estimation but gives fails in accuracy. Using Prolate function we can reduce the complexity in calculation of parameters. If compared with state of art approach where the complexity is O(N)3, the complexity using Prolate function is O(N)2.The function depends upon maximum delay and maximum Doppler frequency spread thus parameter calculation is reduced. The technique dose not calculate particular channel characteristics. Slepian sequences utilizes the bandwidth as the sharp pulses replace the regular rectangular pulses which causes spectral leakage and thus ICI. The simulation of BER Vs SNR using CP and UW with and without Prolate is proposed that increases spectral efficiency with reduced calculations replacing rectangular pulses by Slepian pulses which increase energy concentration by Sharpe pulses thus reduction in inter carrier interference caused by multipath fading. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150513

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of ART Centre Services of a teaching hospital

Background- COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the collateral health system. It made access to essential health services difficult. Such an essential service is a service provided to HIV patients. This study was planned to assess the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic on Anti-Retroviral therapy (ART) center services. Methods -Pre-recorded epidemiological data from an ART center of a teaching hospital was used to answer the research question. Data was collected for retrieving 4 parameters i.e. number of registrations, number of HIV-positive patients kept on ART, number of deaths, and loss to follow up of the COVID-19 year and non-COVID-19 year then comparison was made between both. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS. Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA test, and multiple comparison Tuckey’s test were applied. Results- Statistically significant difference was noted in the total number of registrations, the number of patients kept on ART, death, and loss to follow-up in non- COVID-19 & COVID-19 years.  After appling above mentioned statistical test the p-value came out to be <0.05. Conclusion-COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the auxiliary non-COVID-19 health services and health programs. The current study gives evidence that ART functioning is negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

Assessment of level of satisfaction and depression among front-line warriors serving in a red zone covid-19 hospital in central India

Background: Covid -19 is a global health crisis of this century. Our battle against covid 19 is based mainly on front-line warriors. Their job profile has placed frontline workers under immense and unprecedented pressure, putting their mental well-being at stake. They are working in resource limited conditions. Mental stress and unsatisfaction is expected among them. It should be effectively recognised and handled. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in a covid care center of a teaching hospital to assess the level of satisfaction and presence of depression among front line warriors. Google form was use to collect data. Results: Approximately 87%, 79%, 61%,100% & 86% participants were not satisfied by PPE, stay, food, wadges, security and financial security respectively provided them while performing covid duties. Half of them (50%) had depression. Statistically significant association was found between presence of depression and age, sex, residence, marital status, family type. Conclusion: Depression and unsatisfaction was prevalent finding among front line warriors. Inappropriate response and attitude towards them will bring fatigue and refectory attitude among them. Their needs and unsatisfaction should be delt while policy making

Knowledge Attitude Practice study regarding Mosquitoes spreading Malaria and Dengue and their prevention in field practice area of Index Medical College Hospital Research Centre, Indore

Background: Malaria and Dengue are two important mosquito borne diseases but in recent past the incidence of Malaria has decreased while Dengue incidence was increased. Reasons behind this contrast change in the incidence should be evaluated. Methods: Cross sectional community based study was conducted to evaluate the KAP regarding Malaria and Dengue spreading mosquito and their prevention on 515 participants.KAP level, difference in KAP regarding Malaria and Dengue spreading mosquito, association of socio-demographic factors with KAP and co relation of Knowledge with Attitude and practice were evaluated. Chi square test, paired t –test and co-relation test were applied for analysis. Results: Overall Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of participants regarding Malaria and Dengue spreading mosquitoes were low .Statistically significant better knowledge, Attitude and Practices scores were noted for Malaria spreading mosquitoes as compared to Dengue spreading mosquitoes. Occupation, Education, SES, and type of family were the important socio-demographic factors which were found to be significantly associated with Knowledge Attitude and Practices of participants. Positive co relation was found between Knowledge, Attitude and Practices. Conclusion: KAP regarding Malaria and Dengue spreading mosquitoes were not found satisfactory. Difference in bionomics and preventive measures for Malaria and Dengue spreading mosquitoes should be convey to public by health education. Socio-economic development, increase knowledge level of population can help in reducing the incidence of Malaria as well as Dengue

Cross-sectional osteoporotic risk prediction with the FRAX without BMD in male and female patients attending OPD in a community health center of Bihar

Background: Bone health is an important requirement for healthy aging. Osteoporosis is an important cause of both mortality and morbidity among older adults. If we can predict the risk of future osteoporosis by cost-effective methods, we can prevent it up to certain level and plan intervention accordingly. That's why the present study aims to estimate the likelihood of osteoporosis in patients attending the outpatient department (OPD) in a selected community health center (CHC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a CNC in Siwan, Bihar, India. An equal number of male and female patients were recruited by quota sampling. A semi-structured proforma was prepared for data collection using the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool without performing a bone mineral density (BMD) test in order to assess major osteoporotic fractures and risk for hip fractures with other requisite information Results: The collected data were organized using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS Statistics 20. As data were gleaned and put under different categories, a statistical analysis based on the Chi-square test was carried out, and an ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was also drawn for statistical inference of the data gathered. The main findings of our analyses include the following: Approximately 15% males and 30% females in the study sample had a higher risk of osteoporosis and about 9% males and 36% females had a higher risk of hip fracture. Overall, the findings showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the gender of the participants and the FRAX risk scores for osteoporosis and hip fracture. Conclusion: Previously osteoporosis was thought of as a disease that affected only women; nevertheless, emerging findings show that osteoporosis is not unusual in men. The FRAX tool can be used as a screening tool before going for a BMD test

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE ADVERSE DRUG REACTION OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC DRUGS AMONG ADULTS IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic illness worldwide. For prevention of exacerbations, patients of bronchial asthma are kept on long-term treatment that is why they are amenable for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The study was planned to monitor ADRs with intervention of anti-asthmatic drugs in adults visited in medicine outpatient or admitted in inpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 asthma patients in collaboration with Department of Medicine for duration of 12 months. Information of patients was collected with the help of semi-structured case record form ADRs along with interventions given that were also recorded. Results: Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version20.0. Fisher exact test was applied. A total of 340 patients were enrolled in the study. The highest numbers of ADRs were observed with Salbutamol (34.78%). The highest ADRs were noted with Beta2 agonists class of drugs. The main ADRs noted were headache followed by tremors and oral thrush. Statistically significant association was found between presence of ADRs and severity of asthma. Conclusion: Identifying any possible connection between a presenting complaint and drug used is crucial to reduce the risk of ADRs in the future. Appropriate monitoring of ADRs is a key for this. Reduction in ADRs will improve the compliance of patient and ultimately their clinical outcome

Cross sectional study to assess prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence among under graduate medical students of Index group of college Indore

Background:Tobacco use became an epidemic now. Nicotine in tobacco is responsible for addiction. Tobacco use is a major risk factor for many diseases. Cigarette is most common form of tobacco use .To reverse this epidemic we should know magnitude &amp; extent of problem. Methodology:Cross sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital on medical students to know prevalence of smoking &amp; among smokers nicotine dependence.Results:smoking prevalence was 24%,more common in males. Maximum participants had low to moderate nicotine dependency .Nicotine dependence was found to be significantly associated with sex, age of starting smoking, duration of smoking and awareness regarding health effects of smoking.Conclusion:Prevalence of smoking among medical students was pronounced &amp; nicotine dependency was also noteworthy. Genned up successor doctors should be exempted from dependency first. Interventions to prevent commencing of smoking for non smokers&amp; promotion smoking cessation and harm reduction for smokers, should be planned

Evaluation of selected NRCs in treating SAM children: prospective study of Ujjain

Background: Malnutrition is a silent emergency especially in developing countries. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a major cause of mortality in under five children, as children with SAM 9 times more likely to die than well nourish children. There is a need to treat SAM Proactively. Method: Follow up study was planned to inquire the impact of nutritional intervention on the physical parameters of admitted SAM children in two selected NRCs. Information was collected with the help of semi structured proforma. Data was collected for 3 months and each SAM child was followed up to 90 days for 6 points of time. Total sample size of 98 SAM children was taken. Results:Analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 20. ANOVA test, Tukey’s multiple comparison test and Correlation were applied to demonstrate the significance between variables. Statistical significant changes in weight and MUAC were observed. Most significant change from starting weight &amp; MUAC was observed at 3rd follow up. Conclusion:NRCs seem to be a promising approach in rehabilitating SAM children. Current study also added good evidence to favor above statement.Achieving long lasting improvement is our ultimate goal. Keywords: Severe Acute Malnutrition, Nutritional Rehabilitation Center, Impact

Characterization of Tuberculosis positive and negative HIV patients registered at ART Center of C. R. Gardi Hospital Ujjain, M.P.

Introduction: HIV/ AIDS pandemic has caused a resurgence of TB, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a synergistic interaction; each accentuates progression of the other. Clinical presentation of TB in early HIV infection resembles that observed in immunocompetent persons.Objective:To assess the socio-demographic profile and prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV positive patients. To assess the clinical status in terms of their CD4 count, weight, hemoglobin percentage and WHO clinical stage.Materials and Methods: A record based study of HIV patients registered at ART center of C. R. Gardi Hospital was studied. A total of 147 patients were studied who were registered during January 2009 to December 2010 at ART center. These 147 patients’ records were separated into two groups i.e. HIV with Tuberculosis (61) and HIV without Tuberculosis (86). Data were recorded from NACO patient’s card and were analyzed.Conclusion: The prevalence of TB in HIV patients was found to be 41%. Many sociodemographic variables show significant association with HIV TB Co- infection. Difference in CD4 count, weight, Hb%, and WHO stage was also observed in HIV TB co- infection and only HIV patients. All HIV- infected individuals should be tested for tuberculosis prior to the initiation of ART in countries like India where tuberculosis is endemic

CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY TO ASSESS THE BENEFICIARIES EXPERIENCE REGARDING COVID -19 VACCINATION IN VACCINATED CANDIDATES IN A TRIBAL DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN - EMIGH PROSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT-BACKGROUND-A year with covid-19 has been a harrowing breakneck journey. On 11th March-2020 WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. It spread across globe in span of 3 months, this is how emergence of unknown virus became a multifaceted pandemic. Till date no definitive treatment of covid-19 is available, except hope of vaccination. We must ensure safe and effective vaccination to protect people. It’s been largest vaccination drive, that’s why important to know the beneficiary’s point of view regarding covid vaccination process. So that the result of this study can be used to amend the process if needed, to make the process more beneficiary friendly. Method-Cross sectional study was conducted in a government covid vaccination centerto assess the beneficiaries prospective about their experience of covid-19 vaccine. Study duration was 6 months. Data was collected with the help of semi-structured proforma. Results-Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS-20. Approximately 93% of participants received vaccination appointment. Around 58% participants were screened for covid-19 symptoms. Most (90%) participants said that physical distancing was maintained during vaccination, 93% participants were informed about of vaccination process, 85% participant mentioned that Staff had explained about AEFI before vaccination and 76% participants mentioned that they received Covishied, only 1 participant reported AEFI within 30 mins of waiting period and he received the preliminary treatment at vaccination center. Conclusion-feedback from the user is a good way to quality check, their reviews give the opportunity to improve. Most of the vaccines were satisfied with the vaccination procedure