Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver NPs Using Oyster Mushroom Extract For Antibacterial Efficacy

The present study was aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)using the extract of oyster mushroom Pleurotuscitrinopileatus and its use in antibacterial testing. This green synthesis approach of silver NPs is very fast, simple, environmentally friendly and economical. The initial confirmation of silver NPs synthesis was observed with the alteration of the colour of the solution from colourless to wine red. The prepared nano-material was further characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM revealed particle size of synthesized AgNPsbetween the range of 11-13 nm. The bactericidal efficacy of silver NPstested against Escherichia coli confirmed the lowest 50 µg/L concentration of silver NPs bactericidal. Therefore based the observations of the study silver NPsat the level of its 50 µg/L can be used for the purposes of potential water disinfection, killing of bacteria, disinfection of medical equipments, wound washings, preservation of food stuffs and in hand sanitization

Novel Energy Aware Hierarchical Round Robin Schedule Cluster-Based (NEAHRC) Routing Protocol

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are developing as vital and prevalent ways of providing persistent computing environments for various applications. Unstable energy consumption is an essential problem in WSNs, categorised by multi-hop routing and a many-to-one traffic pattern. In an energy-aware routing approach, the protocols focus on minimizing the total energy consumption and maximizing the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel energy aware hierarchical round robin schedule cluster-based (NEAHRC) routing protocol to improve the energy consumption of wireless sensor network and prolong its system lifetime. We also evaluate the proposed algorithm via simulations

Non-negative Polynomials, Sums of Squares & The Moment Problem

This thesis studies polynomial optimization, that is, the problem of minimizing the value of a polynomial over a semi-algebraic set. Such polynomial optimization problems arise in a wide variety of contexts, both in mathematics, and more generally in science and engineering. In the first part of this thesis, we study a polynomial optimization problem which arises when solving the separability problem in Quantum Information Theory. Our approach is via sums of squares decompositions for polynomials, which provide a natural relaxation for polynomial optimization. Our focus is on the development of practical computational methods to address these problems. We review classical sum of squares relaxations, and give a comparison of the computational complexities between some of the modern state-of-the-art relaxations. Using the insights gained from this analysis we develop a MATLAB package which is able to solve the separability problem in cases which were beyond the reach of previously existing software implementations. In the second part of this thesis, we study the tracial moment problem, which can be thought of as a dual problem to non-commutative polynomial optimization. For the bivariate quartic tracial moment problem, the problem is well understood when the associated Hankel matrix (which has size 7x7) is positive definite, or positive semi-definite and of rank at most 4. Here we examine the Hankel matrix when it is of rank 5 or 6 and show that there are four canonical cases to study. In two out of the four rank 6 cases, we reformulate the existence of a representing measure, to a feasibility problem of three small linear matrix inequalities and a rank constraint. Our results significantly improve previous approaches to the bivariate quartic tracial moment problem. Finally, we also study the tracial moment problem on elliptic curves, giving a reduction to the classical moment problem in two out of the three cases. Furthermore, for the classical moment problem on elliptic curves, we give sufficient conditions for a representing measure to exist

Analysis and Improvement in Tracking & Security of Wireless Body Sensor Network with the help of Quantum Cryptography: - A Retrospective View on Literature Survey

The wireless nature of the network and the wide variety of sensors offer numerous new, practical and innovative applications to improve health care and the Quality of Life. Using a WBSN, the patient experiences a greater physical mobility and is no longer compelled to stay in the hospital. In this paper, we also present an idea to improve healthcare systems in India with the help of telecommunication and information technology by using wearable and implantable body sensor nodes which does not affect the mobility of the patients with extra security and advance feature. A WBSN should ensure the accurate sensing, tracking of the signal from the body, carry out low-level processing of the sensor signal and wirelessly transmit the processed signal to a local processing unit. In the proposed system, WBSNs, a sparse network of sensors are deployed either directly on the human body, inside the body or embedded in everyday clothes, to record and transmit health data. Body Sensors record and transmit data to a Body Central Unit which aggregates data sent by all Body Sensors and relays the aggregation to a hospital monitoring station from where healthcare professionals can remotely monitor the health parameters of patients or other individuals. This will help the authorized care giver easily diagnose the problem and make available the quick treatment to patient. The security of these devices is very important factor to make secure the personal data of any patient. Thus no other unauthorized person can get information about the patient disease etc which help to protect privacy of user and data. The primary objective of this proposed work is to propose effective security and tracking technique for sensor body wireless network with the help of new and effective technique Quantum Cryptography which provides extra security from all type of dangerous attacks and threats

Harlequin Ichthyosis: a rare congenital dermatological disorder

Harlequin Ichthyosis is the most severe form of congenital Ichthyosis presenting at birth. It is a very rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Perinatal mortality is high and the survivors develop severe erythroderma subsequently. We report a case of Harlequin Ichthyosis not only because of its rarity but also its tendency to occur in consecutive pregnancies

Gershgorin Disc-based Voltage Stability Regions for DER Siting and Control in Distribution Grids

As a consequence of the transition to distributed and renewable energy systems, some distribution system operators are increasingly concerned about power quality, including steady-state voltage volatility. In this paper, we study the control of real and reactive power injections by inverter-based distributed energy resources to regulate voltage magnitudes and phase angles measured by sensors positioned across 3-phase unbalanced distribution grids. Our proposed controllers are agnostic to the location and type of communications supporting energy resource operations. To design the controllers, we apply the Gershgorin Disc Theorem and determine analytic stability regions in terms of renewable energy operating parameters and grid impedances. The stability regions yield direct relationships between renewable energy system siting and the convergence of voltage phasors to references. Beyond defining stability regions, we compute ranges of stable operating parameters for renewable energy systems that promote operational flexibility by including customer economics. By means of a case study on the IEEE 123-node test circuit, we observe our approach to coordinating renewable energy systems achieves non-oscillatory voltage regulation and reduces the duration of voltage violations by 26%.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Power System

Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Techniques in a Solar Photovoltaic Array

The need for renewable energy sources is on the rise because of the acute energy crisis in the world today. India plans to produce 20 Gigawatts Solar power by the year 2020, whereas we have only realized less than half a Gigawatt of our potential as of March 2010. Solar energy is a vital untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their low efficiency and high capital cost. In this thesis, we examine a schematic to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module and use the energy for a DC application. This project investigates in detail the concept of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) which significantly increases the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system

Development of sunlight-driven eutectic phase change material nanocomposite for applications in solar water heating

Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have been utilized as latent heat energy storage medium for effective thermal management. In this work, a PCM nanocomposite, consisting of a mixture of two organic PCMs (referred to as eutectic gel PCM) and minimal amount (0.5 wt%) of nanographite (NG) as a supporting material, was prepared. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine the melting temperature and latent heat of pristine PCM, paraffin (61.5 °C and 161.5 J/g), eutectic gel PCM (54 °C and 158 J/g) and eutectic gel PCM nanocomposite (53.5 °C and 155 J/g). The prepared PCM nanocomposites exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity and ultrafast thermal charging characteristics. The nanocomposites were employed for two different applications: (i) providing hot water using an indigenously fabricated solar water heating (SWH) system and (ii) solar rechargeable glove that can be rapidly warmed and used. Experimental results on SWH system show that the use of PCM nanocomposites helps to increase the charging rate of PCM while reducing the discharging rate of heat by PCM to water, thus enhancing the maximum utilization of solar energy and hence improving the efficiency of the SWH system. The experimental results on solar rechargeable glove revealed that the glove has the ability to retain the temperature up to 3 hours