Time-Based Work-Family Conflict: Myth or Reality?

The present study examined a time-based model of work-family conflict for a sample of 176 working women with childcare responsibilities. Building on the work of Edwards and Rothbard (2000) and role theory, a model was proposed to test the specific variables that define time-based work-family conflict. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Contrary to assumptions about time-based conflict, the results suggest that role time has a very limited impact on work-family conflict. Variables that were related to role performance and satisfaction included traditional gender role expectations, family involvement, family instrumental support, leader-member exchange, role overload, and organizational family-friendliness. The current research also presented two new variables labeled work and family distractions. Work distractions appear to have a very harmful impact on work outcomes and warrant further investigation. Although time-based conflict was not supported in the present study, the current data offered credence for a number of alternative explanations

Resistivity annealing properties of aluminium thin films after ion implantation at liquid helium temperatures

We present the first resistivity annealing curves of Al after implantation of Al-, H-, and O-ions at liquid helium temperatures. The Al-implantation produces a curve resembling that of neutron-irradiated Al ; low-dose H- implantation results in two strongly enhanced stage I recovery peaks, while high-dose H- implantation annealing results suggest that H-ordering or a phase transformation takes place

Direct observation of irradiation-induced nanocavity shrinkage in Si

Nanocavities in Si substrates, formed by conventional H implantation and thermal annealing, are shown to evolve in size during subsequent Si irradiation. Both ex situ and in situ analytical techniques were used to demonstrate that the mean nanocavity diameter decreases as a function of Si irradiation dose in both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Potential mechanisms for this irradiation-induced nanocavity evolution are discussed. In the crystalline phase, the observed decrease in diameter is attributed to the gettering of interstitials. When the matrix surrounding the cavities is amorphized, cavity shrinkage may be mediated by one of two processes: nanocavities can supply vacancies into the amorphous phase and/or the amorphous phase may flow plastically into the nanocavities. Both processes yield the necessary decrease in density of the amorphous phase relative to crystalline material

Inhomogeneous magnesium hydride synthesized by low temperature ion implantation: weak localization effect

Metastable MgHx hydride was prepared by H ion implantation into Mg films at 5 K. The resistivity and magnetoresistance temperature dependence reveal weak localization effects due to atomic disorder. At low hydrogen concentrations, x ≤0.3, the conductivity varies as σ∼log (T), typical of two-dimensional weak localization behaviour. The resistivity is also very sensitive to the sample inhomogeneity, due to H diffusion, which can be modelled by introducing a temperature-dependent geometrical percolating factor G. At higher H concentrations, 0.7 ≤x ≤3, after annealing at 20 K, 50 K and 110 K, the samples also exhibit weak localization but with three-dimensional behaviour i.e. a $\sigma \sim \sqrt{T}$. Our analysis is consistent with the existence of an inhomogeneous system formed by a mixture of two phases with contrasted conduction properties, one of which is a well-behaved metal, while the other displays the localization properties. The results lead us to identify the former phase to a non percolating superconducting phase at low temperature

AMORPHOUS PD-SI ALLOYS AND HYDRIDES PREPARED BY LOW-TEMPERATURE ION-IMPLANTATION

Ion implantation simultaneously produces compositional changes and radiation damage in the target. If the latter is not annealed, amorphization should ultimately result. Can implantation of a covalent solute into a transition metal host stabilize the damage and hence produce an amorphous alloy at lower concentrations than other techniques ? We have studied the composition-dependence of the resistivity and TCR of thin (600-800 Å) Pd films implanted at 6 K with Si ions : The results are compared to those obtained on the corresponding well-documented quench-condensed alloys, which are amorphous at Si concentrations ~.18. The resistivity of the implanted films saturates at about 90 µΩ·cm for Si concentrations above ~.18. Thus, the critical concentration for amorphization is presumably the same for the low-temperature implanted or quench-condensed Pd-Si alloy, confirming that local structure effects dominate amorphous alloy formation criteria. In a further experiment, hydrogen was implanted into the amorphous Pd-Si films (again at 6K). The resistivity increased sharply, doubling at H concentrations around 100 %. The resulting systems were superconducting ; their maximum critical temperature was 2.6 K

Ordering intermetallic alloys by ion irradiation: a way to tailor magnetic media

Combining He ion irradiation and thermal mobility below 600K, we both trigger and control the transformation from chemical disorder to order in thin films of an intermetallic ferromagnet (FePd). Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show how the initial directional short range order determines order propagation. Magnetic ordering perpendicular to the film plane was achieved, promoting the initially weak magnetic anisotropy to the highest values known for FePd films. This post-growth treatment should find applications in ultrahigh density magnetic recording.Comment: 7 pages, 3 Figure

Structural effect of heavy ion irradiation on GdBaCuO ceramics

The influence of twin boundaries as sinks on defects induced by 480 keV Kr ion irradiation in GdBaCuO crystals was observed in situ at 40 and 300 K. The interaction of the dislocations with the twin boundaries followed on a video recording. A crystalline to amorphous transition was observed above a total fluence of ∼ 4 - 5 x 10^12 Kr/cm2. A comparison between orthorhombic (Os) crystals and a monoclinic structure (Ms) (close to Os and whose parameters were calculated) shows that the behaviour of irradiation-induced extended defects does not depend on a small initial deformation of the orthorhombic cell. In both case, an occasional orthorhombic (or monoclinic) to tetragonal phase transition only occurs when the amorphization process has begun

Probing the interface magnetism in the FeMn/NiFe exchange bias system using magnetic second harmonic generation

Second harmonic generation magneto-optic Kerr effect (SHMOKE) experiments, sensitive to buried interfaces, were performed on a polycrystalline NiFe/FeMn bilayer in which areas with different exchange bias fields were prepared using 5 KeV He ion irradiation. Both reversible and irreversible uncompensated spins are found in the antiferromagnetic layer close to the interface with the ferromagnetic layer. The SHMOKE hysteresis loop shows the same exchange bias field as obtained from standard magnetometry. We demonstrate that the exchange bias effect is controlled by pinned uncompensated spins in the antiferromagnetic layer.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Magnetic reversal in ion-irradiated FePt thin films

International audiencePrevious work on ion irradiation control of FePt thin films magnetic anisotropy is extended to ultrathin films (2-10nm). The effects of 30keV He ion irradiation on the magnetic properties are explored as a function of ion fluence and film thickness. Depending on their growth conditions, the thinnest films exhibit different magnetic properties. Although this affects their final magnetic behaviour, we show that after irradiation at 300 @BULLET C the easy magnetization axis may rotate entirely from inplane to out-of-plane at very low fluences, e.g. 2×10 13 He + /cm 2 on 5 nm thick film. This demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of the magnetic anisotropy to ion-induced local L1 0 ordering. Under these conditions, ultrathin films may exhibit perfectly square hysteresis loops with 100% remnant magnetization and low coercivity

Experimental Indications for the Response of the Spectators to the Participant Blast

Precise momentum distributions of identified projectile fragments, formed in the reactions 238U + Pb and 238U + Ti at 1 A GeV, are measured with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer. With increasing mass loss, the velocities first decrease as expected from previously established systematics, then level off, and finally increase again. Light fragments are on the average even faster than the projectiles. This finding is interpreted as the response of the spectators to the participant blast. The re-acceleration of projectile spectators is sensitive to the nuclear mean field and provides a new tool for investigating the equation of state of nuclear matter.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, background information on http://www-wnt.gsi.de/kschmidt