Eating Disorders in Athletes: The Role of Coaches in Prevention, Intervention, and Recovery

Athletes are particularly vulnerable to the development of eating disorders, a dangerous category of mental illness. The primary focus of this paper is to explore the prevalence and causes of eating disorders among athletes through a thorough review of scholarly literature. Additionally, this paper includes analyses of data gathered from surveys sent to Division 1 (D1) coaches at the University of Colorado Boulder. The survey assessed coaches’ knowledge of eating disorders as a problem in athletics, their ability to identify eating disorder behaviors and warning signs, and their efforts to actively prevent these disorders. Results of the analysis will inform discussion of preventive treatment approaches that coaches, parents, and fellow athletes can implement

Punishing Poverty: \u3cem\u3eRobinson\u3c/em\u3e & the Criminal Cash Bond System

The current cash bail system works in a way that punishes poverty. In Robinson v. California, the Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment to punish an individual for a status or condition. Poverty is a status. The cash bail system is unconstitutional under Robinson and the Eighth Amendment because it punishes the status of poverty. Similar to drug addiction, poverty “may be contracted innocently or involuntarily or it might even take hold from the moment of a person’s birth.” Kalief Browder had no control over his family’s financial position. Yet, this financial position kept him locked away for more than 1000 days. An affluent individual in Browder’s position would have been able to afford the $3000 cash bail, and thus, would have been released from pre-trial custody. Because of this reality, the current bail system functions in a way that punishes defendants on the basis of their economic status. This Note demonstrates that the current cash bail system criminalizes the economic status of poverty. Because of this, the criminal cash bail system violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. Throughout this Note, the terms “bail” and “bond” are used interchangeably. Part I of this Note examines the Eighth Amendment, as well as the current structure and statistics surrounding the United States criminal bond system. Part II examines Robinson v. California, Powell v. Texas, and the effect of these two decisions on Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. Finally, Part III analyzes the constitutionality of the criminal cash bail system under Robinson

Capturing information technology use by senior secondary school students in New Zealand

The Ultrafast broadband rollout in New Zealand places a priority on delivering broadband to schools. The expectation that “Ultrafast broadband is transforming education” is moving schools to embed ICT in the classroom, placing pressure on limited budgets to further leverage already substantial investments. School principals are asking, what are the benefits of this investment? This research in progress explores how students use digital technology, using critical realism and activity theory over multiple case studies, and finds that the technology available is diverse, multiple and malleable. A three-dimensional conceptualisation of these devices is proposed: as a tool for cognition, metacognition and distributed cognition. An example of collaborative work is used to elaborate how classes use multiple technologies along each of these dimensions, and how fast broadband supports these experiences. This study contributes by providing a guide to assess the potential use and usefulness of information technology in the classroom

Get Young People Working - The Youth Offer, Final Evaluation Report

Get Young People Working – The Youth Offer is a £3.28m two-year programme funded by City Bridge Trust (CBT). Grants have been made to London's 32 Local Authorities (LAs) with the aim of helping 1,000 young people across the capital not in Employment Education and Training (NEET) gain employment, an apprenticeship or vocational training. The intention of the programme has been to increase their employability, adding value to existing programmes and contributing to an evidence base of what works for this group. Every London LA was awarded a grant of up to £100,000, with the freedom to decide on the most appropriate spend in the light of local circumstances. The only condition was that the LAs worked in partnership with one or more Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS) organisation(s) to deliver the projects. The outcomes achieved exceeded the target, set for itself by City Bridge Trust, with 2,522 participants moving into full-time employment education or training and 214 into part-time education or employment. The individual projects were valued by participants, with a high level of satisfaction among those interviewed or surveyed

Examination of the Effects of Media Consumption on Mood and Body Dissatisfaction Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

The current study aimed to assess the effects of media consumption on body dissatisfaction and negative affect using Ecological Momentary Assessment, a method of assessment over time and in the participants\u27 naturalistic environment. Thirty undergraduate female participants were assessed randomly five times per day for five days via text messages sent to their phones. During each assessment, participants reported the number of minutes spent watching TV, reading a magazine, and using the internet, as well as their current levels of negative affect and body dissatisfaction. Results demonstrated that the total time spent consuming media was a significant predictor of guilty feelings. Further results demonstrated that internet use specifically is a significant predictor of guilty feelings. The results indicated that overall media consumption did not significantly predict body dissatisfaction. These findings are particularly interesting given the focus in recent years on developing media literacy interventions for negative body image and eating pathology. Further examinations comparing the effects of overall media consumption versus body-focused media consumption may identify which specific content area are causing the negative effects demonstrated in previous research. Future work should also further investigate the relationship between guilt and online media consumption to determine what role, if any, guilt may have in the development or exacerbation of body dissatisfaction over time

Heavy Light: Transformation of Matter in Relation to Growth and Decay

Through my artwork I explore the cyclical relationship and inherent inevitability between the processes of growth and decay. I engage notions of place, memory, fluctuation, and ephemerality. Drawing inspiration from an abandoned house and its many atrophying, accumulated contents, I examine the human impact upon our ecological surroundings and personal domains, tied to notions of finality and sustainability. Using light and time as both narrative elements and the physical components to cultivate images, I create hybrid prints that weave a story of our ever-changing territories. I present visual works that challenge our idealized views of life, and call attention to the surprising beauty within overlooked natural processes, particularly decomposition. My generative process and use of amorphous materials embed meaning through use of metaphor, and underlie my fascination with the transformation of the ordinary or the unexpected

“Inspiring Imps”: programme evaluation of a football intervention targeting mentally ill health services users through a professional football club

The Active People survey (2010) shows that only 6.5% of disabled individuals participate in sport and exercise 3 times per week, compared with 16.5% of able bodied adults in the UK. Individuals with recognised disabilities have long been excluded from mainstream society. Particularly in sport, disability athletes can be afforded minority status and are treated as such (Nixon, 2000: In Handbook of Sports Studies, edited by J. Coakley and E. Dunning. London: Sage). This stigmatisation can be particularly acute among participants with diagnosed mental or psychological disabilities. Previous research concluded that sport can have positive psychological and social benefits, including improved well-being, motivation and social confidence (Crone and Guy, 2008: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 17, 197-207.). The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of a 6 week exercise programme targeting mental ill health service users aged 16+. A weekly 2 hour session of football was introduced to promote health and wellbeing in the target group. Partners included county Football Association and a professional football club. The project enhanced local partnerships and partnerships with other professional football clubs. The key remaining aim is to ensure a sustainable “legacy” is achieved to ensure the continuation delivery of the project. The feasibility of the present study will be assessed using programme evaluation. Programme evaluation uses programme theory to produce a structured framework for assessment of the project (Rossi et al 2004; Evaluation: A systematic Approach. London, Sage). This allows a clear and logical progression from planning to implementation. Participant attrition rates and attendance records will be collected. These data will be supplemented with semi-structured interviews with participants and project stakeholders to assess programme development. The expected overall project outcome is to produce shared learning practice on similar interventions nationwide

The m=2 amplituhedron and the hypersimplex: signs, clusters, triangulations, Eulerian numbers

The hypersimplex $\Delta_{k+1,n}$ is the image of the positive Grassmannian $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k+1,n}$ under the moment map. It is a polytope of dimension $n-1$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$. Meanwhile, the amplituhedron $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}(Z)$ is the projection of the positive Grassmannian $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k,n}$ into $Gr_{k,k+2}$ under a map $\tilde{Z}$ induced by a matrix $Z\in \text{Mat}_{n,k+2}^{>0}$. Introduced in the context of scattering amplitudes, it is not a polytope, and has dimension $2k$. Nevertheless, there seem to be remarkable connections between these two objects via T-duality, as was first noted by Lukowski--Parisi--Williams (LPW). In this paper we use ideas from oriented matroid theory, total positivity, and the geometry of the hypersimplex and positroid polytopes to obtain a deeper understanding of the amplituhedron. We show that the inequalities cutting out positroid polytopes -- images of positroid cells of $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k+1,n}$ under the moment map -- translate into sign conditions characterizing the T-dual Grasstopes -- images of positroid cells of $Gr^{\geq 0}_{k,n}$ under $\tilde{Z}$. Moreover, we subdivide the amplituhedron into chambers, just as the hypersimplex can be subdivided into simplices, with both chambers and simplices enumerated by the Eulerian numbers. We prove the main conjecture of (LPW): a collection of positroid polytopes is a triangulation of $\Delta_{k+1, n}$ if and only if the collection of T-dual Grasstopes is a triangulation of $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}(Z)$ for all $Z$. Moreover, we prove Arkani-Hamed--Thomas--Trnka's conjectural sign-flip characterization of $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}(Z)$, and Lukowski--Parisi--Spradlin--Volovich's conjectures on $m=2$ cluster adjacency and on generalized triangles (images of $2k$-dimensional positroid cells which map injectively into $\mathcal{A}_{n,k,2}(Z)$). Finally, we introduce new cluster structures in the amplituhedron.Comment: 72 pages, many figures, comments welcome. v4: Minor edits v3: Strengthened results on triangulations and realizability of amplituhedron sign chambers. v2: Results added to Section 11.4, minor edit