Estimation of the risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Germany after acute measles during the period 1994 to 2001^a.

a<p>The estimation was based on children with SSPE diagnosis during 2003 to 2009, who had a history of acute measles infection during 1994 to 2001.</p>b<p>Details are explained in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068909#pone-0068909-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Capture-recapture estimation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) cases in Germany from 2003 to 2009.

<p>abbreviations: ESPED - Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Diseases in Germany, ViroWue - Institute of Virology and Immunobiology at the University of Würzburg, CI – confidence interval.</p>a<p>Cases 9 and 10 of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068909#pone-0068909-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a> (captured by ESPED in 2004, samples tested by ViroWue in 2002) were included.</p>b<p>Children with missing information on year of measles infection were excluded.</p>c<p>German children and/or children born in Germany. Children with missing information on nationality and/or country of birth or infection were excluded.</p

Characteristics of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) cases in Germany from 2003 to 2009.

<p>abbreviations: n. i. – no information, ESPED - Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Diseases in Germany, ViroWue - Institute of Virology and Immunobiology at the University of Würzburg,</p>a<p>reported to ESPED in 2004, samples tested at ViroWue in 2002.</p>b<p>country of infection assumed to be Germany because of German nationality and/or birth in Germany.</p>c<p>country of infection Germany based on anamnestic information.</p

Year of primary diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and year of measles infection.

<p>Data are shown for SSPE cases identified in Germany from 2003 to 2009. Two SSPE cases reported to the German Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Diseases (ESPED) in 2004 were primarily diagnosed in 2002. Numbers of measles cases are extrapolated based on German hospital statistics for the period 1994–2000. For the period 2001–2009, measles cases reported by the German Infection Protection Act (IfSG) are displayed.</p

Extrapolation of the total number of measles cases from 1994 to 2009 in Germany for children <5 years of age ^a.

<p>abbreviations: IfSG - German Infection Protection Act, GHS – German hospital statistics.</p>a<p>Numbers in columns 2–5 are reported data; numbers in column 6 (in italics) represent extrapolations from GHS data using the pooled hospitalization rate derived form IfSG data for the years 2001 to 2009 (454/4956 = 0.092).</p>b<p>Time period used for SSPE risk estimation.</p

Extrapolation of the total number of measles cases from 1994 to 2009 in Germany for children ≥5 and <15 years of age^a.

<p>abbreviations: IfSG - German Infection Protection Act, GHS – German hospital statistics.</p>a<p>Numbers in columns 2–5 are reported data; numbers in column 6 (in italics) represent extrapolations from GHS data using the pooled hospitalization rate derived form IfSG data for the years 2001 to 2009 (344/7525 = 0.046).</p

Characteristics of CNS autoimmune disease control group.

<p>Characteristics of CNS autoimmune disease control group.</p

Combinations of intrathecal antibody production in control patients and patients with MS subtypes.

<p>Note that percent values may not add up to 100 due to arithmetic rounding. Abbreviations: M, measles virus; R, rubella virus; Z, varicella zoster virus; H, herpes simplex virus; see also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040431#pone-0040431-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Comparison of demographic variables and CSF findings between control groups and MS patients.

<p>Abbreviations: NCAND, Non-CNS-autoimmune neurological disorders; CAND, CNS-autoimmune neurological disorders; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; Q_alb, albumin CSF/serum ratio; MS, multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS, secondary progressive MS; PPMS, primary progressive MS.</p

Frequencies of mono-, bi-, tri- and quadrispecific intrathecal antiviral immune responses in control and MS patients.

<p>Mono, bi-, tri- and quadrispecific denote number of elevated virus-specific antibody indices identified in any individual patient. Note that percent values may not add up to 100 due to arithmetic rounding. Abbreviations: see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0040431#pone-0040431-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p