Detection of indices of violence against women by health professionals in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Context: Violence against women (VAW) is the commonest form of violence existing in human race and is a major reproductive health issue of our time because of its many negative reproductive health consequences. Health care providers have important roles to play to build capacity of their employees to meet the challenges of diagnosing, managing and preventing this societal problem. This can be started by assessing their training needs. Objective: To determine the extent to which Health Professionals can recognize some indices that may suggest VAW. Design, Setting and Subjects: This is a descriptive study. Using a structural questionnaire a survey was done among a randomly selected Doctors, Nurses and Social Workers in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife in Osun State of Nigeria. Information on their socio demographic characters were obtained and they were also asked to identify the degree of association between a set of signs and symptoms in relation to violence against women. Results: Divorce/separation during pregnancy, alcohol and drug abuse in women, attempted suicide were the indices (with scores of 85.8% and 79.9% respectively) that would mostly prompt suspicion of VAW. About 31.1% of the respondents may not appropriately detect VAW. There is no significant difference in the ability with regard to sex, years of experience and the professional group. Conclusion: Health Professionals in OAUTHC will benefit from training and retraining programme on how to detect VAW. Similar baseline surveys are recommended for other Health Institutions as the first step in meeting this great challenge of the twenty-first century. Keywords: violence against women, suspicion indices, health professionals Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol. 22(1) 2005: 27-3

Intellectual Impairment in Patients with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection in Southwestern Nigeria

Neurocognitive impairment is a detrimental complication of HIV infection. Here, we characterized the intellectual performance of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in southwestern Nigeria. We conducted a prospective study at Owo Federal Medical Center by using the adapted Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The raw scores were converted to standardized scores (z-scores) and correlated with clinical and laboratory findings. Fifty-eight HIV positive patients were recruited; 72% were in WHO stages 3 and 4. We detected a high rate of intellectual impairment in HIV positive patients and controls (63.8% and 10%, resp.; P<0.001). HIV positive patients performed worse throughout the subtests of both verbal and performance intelligence quotients. Presence of opportunistic infections was associated with worse performance in the similarities and digit symbol tests and performance and full scale scores. Lower body weight correlated with poor performance in different WAIS subtests. The high rate of advanced disease stage warrants measures aimed at earlier diagnosis and treatment. Assessment of neurocognitive performance at diagnosis may offer the opportunity to improve functioning in daily life and counteract disease progression