Uptake and Retention of Malathion by the Carp

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142311/1/naaq0155.pd

The York River: A Brief Review of Its Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the York River, Virginia. The river is formed by the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey rivers at West Point, Virginia. It is tidal over its entire length and flows to the western shore of Chesapeake Bay

Kepone monitoring at Skiffs Creek : in fulfillment of contract number DACW65-79-C-0027

Kepone entered the James River estuary from point sources of production and through runoff from unauthorized disposal sites in the vicinity of Hopewell, Virginia. The total quantity of Kepone released to the river is not known, however, about 1.5 x 106 kg were produced between 1966 and 1975. At present we estimate that 30,000 kg reside in contaminated sediments of the estuary. Bed sediments are contaminated from the source at Hopewell to Hampton Roads, a distance of 88 kilometers. Patterns of contamination vary with sediment type and distance from the source. Major Kepone sinks exist in the Jamestown - Dancing Point reach and in Burwell Bay. Sediments from these zones are generally finer-grained and more enriched in organic matter than elsewhere and these zones are sites of relatively high sediment accumulation and fast deposition. This extensive contamination of the river sediments by Kepone presents problems for managers having to make decisions on dredging actions in the river. The most important questions which need to be answered concerning dredging activities are: 1) Will dredging result in significant quantities of Kepone being released to the environment? 2) Will the releases spread the contamination or result in increased bioaccumulation of Kepone in organisms? 3) Will the spoil disposal methods release Kepone to the marine environment or ground water? (...

Contaminant Effects on Chesapeake Bay Shellfish

The paper reviews contaminant effects on Chesapeake Bay shellfish from two avenues (1) adverse biological effects on the organisms and (2) fisheries closures due to bacterial and chemical contamination. The use of shellfish to monitor anthropogenic inputs of chemical contaminants is also discussed. Fisheries closures due to bacterial contamination account for the greatest economic loss due to man\u27s activities. Kepone contamination in the James River, Virginia caused fisheries closures but has not appeared to cause biological damage to the resources. Organotin compounds from antifouling paints appear to pose a threat to Chesapeake Bay shellfish.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1056/thumbnail.jp

Contaminant Effects on Chesapeake Bay Finfishes

Habitat deterioration is consistent with perceived population declines for several resident and anadromous finfish species in Chesapeake Bay that are subjected to different levels of fishing pressure (e.g., striped bass versus blueback herring). Diminution of habitat quality has natural and anthropogenic roots that are difficult to separate. Recent contaminant effects studies focused on Chesapeake Bay fishes can be grouped as follows: (a) mathematical and statistical modeling studies aimed at elucidating contaminant and stock trend relationships using extant data and theoretical insights, (b) biological and chemical field surveys in selected areas to demonstrate spatio-temporal associations between levels of toxic organic and inorganic chemicals and absence or reduction of sensitive species, (c) measurements of condition factors and tissue residues of chemical contaminants in juvenile and older fishes, (d) laboratory studies of life stage and species sensitivities to an array of toxic contaminants, and ( e) in-situ field studies designed to measure the effects of habitat quality on specific life stages of selected species.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1057/thumbnail.jp

The Effects of Tropical Storm Agnes on the Copper and Zinc Budgets of the Rappahannock River

The metals copper and zinc were analyzed in bottom sediments (top 1 cm) from the Rappahannock River before and after Tropical Storm Agnes. By extracting the sediments with various techniques (HN03, HCl) the nature of the metal speciation can be estimated. Data show that the inorganic copper was increased by a factor of 2 to 3 in the normally saline portion of the river as a result of Agnes but returned to before-Agnes levels within one year. Metal analyses of suspended sediments collected during the Agnes flooding allows an estimate of sedimentation indicating at least 7.5 mm of new sediments at mile 40, decreasing nearly linearly to 1 mm at mile 15.https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsbooks/1067/thumbnail.jp

A Survey of Potential Problems Related to Toxic Organic Chemical Contamination of Aquatic Environments

Toxic organic chemicals have affected aquatic resources by (1) restricting harvest; (2) causing biological damage to harvestable stocks; and (3) damaging other biological resources eg. benthic animals and birds. Areas under review: Puget Sound, Oregon Bays, San Francisco Bay, Southern California, Louisiana, Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay, Texas Bays, Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, Delaware Bay, New York Harbor, Hudson R~ ver - Raritan Bay Estuary, Narragansett Bay, the Great Lakes. Annotated bibliographies included with each sector

An in situ evaluation of nutrient effects in lakes

A method for performing in situ nutrient enrichment experiments on natural likeJ)liytoplankton ccmmunities was developed and evaluated. One set of experiments in which it was employed was designed to detect limiting nutrients and to provide a basis for predicting future experiment results. Productivity increased in response to all three of the treatment variables used, N, P, and EDTA, but response patterns varied from experiment to experiment. Individual species responded differently to different treatments, and interactions among the treatment variables were important in shaping the community responses to mixtures of two or three variables. The most consistent features of the productivity results were incorporated into a most probable response pattern, which was partially validated by a second series of experiments

Ecological survey, upper James River, Surry Nuclear Power Station site, July 1973

Beginning in Hay of 1969 field surveys have been conducted in the Hog Island area of the James River to characterize the biota of the region. The objective of these surveys has been to determine any significant changes in the biota related to the operation of the nuclear power station. Although during the period of study, methods and stations have been changed to adjust the study to changing regulations, its basic character has remained. Communities surveyed have included benthos, epibenthos, zoo- and phytoplankton, fish, and fouling organisms. In addition, special studies of thermal tolerance have been conducted on oysters and Rangia clams. During this study period an additional aspect was added when entrainment studies to determine zooplankton mortality when entrapped in the thermal plume were initiated

The toxicity of the hydrolysis and breakdown products of malathion to the fathead minnow (Pimephales Promelas, Rafinesque)

Malathion undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous solutions; the products derived from the reaction are dependent upon the pH of the medium. It was the purpose of this investigation to evaluate the toxicity of the products of malathion hydrolysis in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. The studies were conducted by toxicity bioassays of 96 hr duration and continuous exposure tests of 14 day duration. The results of the experiments demonstrated the following: 1. (1) the basic hydrolysis product, diethyl fumarate, was more toxic than malathion to the test species;2. (2) a pronounced synergistic effect was demonstrated between malathion and its two basic hydrolysis products; and3. (3) continuous exposure decreased the TLm concentration of malathion and its basic hydrolysis products.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32925/1/0000307.pd