towards scalable processing for a large-scale ride sharing service

Ride sharing is a promising way to realize a convenient, economic and low-carbon travel. After analyzing and refining the requirements of a ride sharing service, the paper models the trajectory matching therein and discusses the implementation of a large-scale ride sharing service with the aim of improving the efficiency and scalability.Kyushu Sangyo Univ (KSU), IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp (TCSC), Informat Proc Soc Japan (IPSJ), Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers (IEICE), FCVB, IPSJ Special Interest Grp Distributed Proc Syst (IPSJ SIG-DPS), IEICE Special Interest Grp Dependable Comp (IEICE SIG-DC), IPSJ Special Interest Grp Comp Secur (IPSJ SIG-CSEC), IPSJ Special Interest Grp Mobile Comp & Ubiquitous Commun (IPSJ SIG-MBL)Ride sharing is a promising way to realize a convenient, economic and low-carbon travel. After analyzing and refining the requirements of a ride sharing service, the paper models the trajectory matching therein and discusses the implementation of a large-scale ride sharing service with the aim of improving the efficiency and scalability

specifying and detecting spatio-temporal events in the internet of things

Many applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) depend on the occurrences of events with temporal and spatial constraints to determine the further actions. A major challenge encountered is how to specify and detect the spatio-temporal events. The paper adopts Pub/Sub middleware to help IoT applications to capture spatio-temporal events. Specifically, the paper presents a composite subscription language CPSL and builds the corresponding Pub/Sub middleware Grus. The subscriptions in CPSL can specify diverse temporal, spatial and logical relationships of events, in particular, can describe the moving events related to mobile objects, and Grus is responsible for detecting whether events are matched with subscriptions in a distributed way. In addition, Grus provides the optimization strategies for subscriptions involving unary spatial operators. The paper also evaluates Grus's matching performance and costs through simulation experiments. The experimental results show that Grus can achieve satisfying performance and acceptable overheads, and the optimization strategies can efficiently speed up the detection of spatial events. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Many applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) depend on the occurrences of events with temporal and spatial constraints to determine the further actions. A major challenge encountered is how to specify and detect the spatio-temporal events. The paper adopts Pub/Sub middleware to help IoT applications to capture spatio-temporal events. Specifically, the paper presents a composite subscription language CPSL and builds the corresponding Pub/Sub middleware Grus. The subscriptions in CPSL can specify diverse temporal, spatial and logical relationships of events, in particular, can describe the moving events related to mobile objects, and Grus is responsible for detecting whether events are matched with subscriptions in a distributed way. In addition, Grus provides the optimization strategies for subscriptions involving unary spatial operators. The paper also evaluates Grus's matching performance and costs through simulation experiments. The experimental results show that Grus can achieve satisfying performance and acceptable overheads, and the optimization strategies can efficiently speed up the detection of spatial events. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Mutations in the Hedgehog Pathway Genes <em>SMO</em> and <em>PTCH1</em> in Human Gastric Tumors

<div><p>The causal role of the hedgehog pathway in cancer has been best documented in basal cell carcinoma of the skin. To assess potential DNA alterations of the hedgehog pathway in gastric cancer, we sequenced <em>SMO</em> and <em>PTCH1</em> genes in a set of 39 gastric tumors. Tumors were classified by histology based on the Lauren classification and Sanger sequencing was performed to obtain full length coding sequences. Genomic instability was evident in these tumors as a number of silent or missense mutations were found. In addition to those that are potential germline polymorphisms, we found three <em>SMO</em> missense mutations, and one <em>PTCH1</em> frameshift mutation that are novel and have not been documented in basal cell carcinoma. Mutations were found in both intestinal and diffuse type gastric tumors as well as in tumors that exhibit both intestinal and diffuse features. mRNA expression of hedgehog pathway genes was also examined and their levels do not indicate unequivocal higher pathway activity in tumors with mutations than those without. In summary, <em>SMO</em> and/or <em>PTCH1</em> mutations are present at low frequency in different histologic subtypes of gastric tumors and these do not appear to be driver mutations.</p> </div

Representative H&E staining images for histopathologic assessment of gastric tumors.

<p>(A) A moderately differentiated intestinal type adenocarcinoma. Note the glandular pattern of neoplastic growth, tumor cells with scant cytoplasm and conspicuous nucleoli, and the fibrous tissue associated with lymphocytic infiltrate between glands. (B) An adenocarcinoma of diffuse type. Note single cells with signet ring features infiltrating the gastric wall. (images are at 40× magnification).</p

<b>Table 1.</b><i>SMO</i> and <i>PTCH1</i> Mutations in 39 Gastric Tumors.

<p><b>Table 1.</b><i>SMO</i> and <i>PTCH1</i> Mutations in 39 Gastric Tumors.</p

Expression of Gli3 and PTCH1 mRNA in gastric tumors with <i>PTCH1</i> mutations.

<p>Scatter plots for Gli3 and PTCH1, two hedgehog pathway down-stream genes expressed at relatively higher levels are shown according to their <i>PTCH1</i> mutation status. Expression values have been RMA normalized and presented as log value. Note the relative lower level of Gli3 and PTCH1 expression in the tumor with R1307fs mutation.</p

<i>PTCH1</i> frameshift mutation in an intestinal type gastric tumor.

<p>Shown are forward (top panel) and reverse sequencing (bottom panel) around c. C3921 region for sample 11. Arrow indicates position 3921 where the first shifted nucleotide was detected. Note that in this situation where a stretch of 7 cytosines are present the deletion could also have happened at any of the six preceding nucleotide positions (asterisk). Reverse trace confirmed the frameshift mutation (bottom panel). Under similar reaction conditions other tumors are wild type in this region.</p

Expression of Gli3 and PTCH1 in gastric tumors compared with normal tissues examined by qRT-PCR.

<p>While some tumors expressed higher levels of Gli3 and PTCH1 than normal tissues, the overall expression levels of Gli3 and PTCH1 in tumor tissues, with or without SMO or PTCH1 mutations, are not markedly different from the normal tissues.</p