Comparison of continuing medical education (CME) priorities of midwives employed at health facilities and treatment centers of Kashan and Aran & Bidgol - 2010

Introduction: In Continuing Medical Education (CME), paying attention to professional empowerment on the basis of community needs and learners’ institutional requirements is necessary. This study was conducted to determine continuing CME priorities of midwifery graduates employed in health and treatment centers of Kashan and Aran & Bidgol cities located in central Iran (2010). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 midwives. A questionnaire including 87 educational items in 6 subjects was designed. Every item was scored on a Likert scale ranging from zero to ten. Data were extracted, classified and analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of the six subjects raised, gynecology (7.89±1.54) had the highest score and fundamentals of nursing (6.05±2.35) had the lowest score. Among different disease the topics of abnormal genital tract bleeding (9.32±1.3), diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (9.26±1.27), breast cancer (9±1.97), anemia (8.87±1.71), preventing the birth of premature infants (8.44±2.34) and infection control in special units (7.36±3.06), had the highest means, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups of midwives employed in health centers and treatment centers regarding the need for learning some subjects. Conclusion: The need for CME priorities varied according to functional domains. This is essential to be considered by decision makers

A Survey of viewpoints of nurses employed in treatment and teaching centers of Kashan and suburb about continuing medical education (CME) Priorities in 2010

Introduction: Needs’ assessment is the first stage in designing Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs. To obtain clients’ satisfaction with services of nurses as the largest group providing health and treatment services, designing and executing educational programs related to their needs is necessary. This study was conducted to determine CME priorities of nursing graduates employed in treatment and teaching centers of Kashan and suburb. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 nurses. Separate questionnaires were designed for different hospital wards. Every educational subject was scored on a Likert scale ranging from zero to ten. Data were extracted, classified and analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In general (9.18±1.44), surgical (9.40±1.63) and emergency wards (9.32±1.79), the most important need identified was cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In intensive care units (ICU), dialysis units and pediatrics and neonatal ICU wards, identified items included deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (9.02±1.53), bone metabolic diseases (9.91±0.28), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (9.29±0.91) and asphyxia (9.78±0.41), respectively with the greatest mean scores. Conclusion: From viewpoint of studied nurses, the most important CME priorities were learning clinical skills about managing patients with unstable conditions and correct utilization of medical equipments which are related to their everyday practice. It is necessary that CME planners and policy makers to pay attention to nurses’ CME needs which are different across various wards

Factors Affecting the Quality and Quantity of Sleep in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is common in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery and has been recognized for more than 30 years. New literature suggests the importance of sleep and rest for restoration, protection and promotion of function and wellbeing of these patients. Because of the importance of the role of nurses in diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, this study was conducted to determine possible effective factors on sleep quality and sleep quantity of patients after CABG. Methods: This longitudinal, descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 91 patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashad City in 2005-2006. Subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected by interview in three stages: 24 hours before surgery, as well as 6 weeks and 10 weeks after surgery. Subjective sleep quality was measured with PSQI and sleep quantity was measured with sleep log. The first two interviews were done at the hospital clinic and the last via telephone. Data was analyzed in SPSS using student T test, Pearson correlation coefficient and General Linear Model. Results: According to Univariable analysis, variables such as age (p=0.03), aorta clamp time (p=0.003), mechanical ventilation time (p=0.01), staying time in hospital (p=0.04) can affect sleep quantity 10 weeks after surgery. Previous history of sleep disorder (p=0.005), diabetes (p=0.02), use of diuretic drugs before surgery (p=0.04) and ACEI drugs after surgery (p=0.01) can affect sleep quality 10 weeks after surgery. Conclusion: Sleep disorder history (p=0.01), use of diuretic drugs before surgery (p=0.04) and sleep quantity 6 weeks after surgery (p=0.01) have been the most effective factors on sleep quality 10 weeks after surgery, whereas quality of life 10 weeks after surgery (p=0.04) has been the most effective factor on sleep quantity 10 weeks after surgery. There is therefore a necessity for presenting approaches in order to eliminate and minimize modifiable factors

Irisin Peptide Protects Brain Against Ischemic Injury Through Reducing Apoptosis and Enhancing BDNF in a Rodent Model of Stroke

Evidence has shown therapeutic potential of irisin in cerebral stroke. The present study aimed to assess the effects of recombinant irisin on the infarct size, neurological outcomes, blood�brain barrier (BBB) permeability, apoptosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in a mouse model of stroke. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 min and followed reperfusion for 23 h in mice. Recombinant irisin was administrated at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 7.5, and 15 µg/kg, intracerebroventricularly (ICV), on the MCAO beginning. Neurological outcomes, infarct size, brain edema and BBB permeability were evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Evans blue (EB) extravasation methods, respectively, at 24 h after ischemia. Apoptotic cells and BDNF protein were detected by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry techniques. The levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 proteins were measured by immunoblotting technique. ICV irisin administration at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 µg/kg, significantly reduced infarct size, whereas only in 7.5 and 15 µg/kg improved neurological outcome (P 0.05). Additionally, irisin (7.5 µg/kg) significantly diminished apoptotic cells and increased BDNF immunoreactivity in the ischemic brain cortex (P < 0.004). Irisin administration significantly downregulated the Bax and caspase-3 expression and upregulated the Bcl-2 protein. The present study indicated that irisin attenuates brain damage via reducing apoptosis and increasing BDNF protein of brain cortex in the experimental model of stroke in mice. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Irisin Peptide Protects Brain Against Ischemic Injury Through Reducing Apoptosis and Enhancing BDNF in a Rodent Model of Stroke

Evidence has shown therapeutic potential of irisin in cerebral stroke. The present study aimed to assess the effects of recombinant irisin on the infarct size, neurological outcomes, blood�brain barrier (BBB) permeability, apoptosis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in a mouse model of stroke. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 min and followed reperfusion for 23 h in mice. Recombinant irisin was administrated at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 7.5, and 15 µg/kg, intracerebroventricularly (ICV), on the MCAO beginning. Neurological outcomes, infarct size, brain edema and BBB permeability were evaluated by modified neurological severity score (mNSS), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Evans blue (EB) extravasation methods, respectively, at 24 h after ischemia. Apoptotic cells and BDNF protein were detected by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry techniques. The levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 proteins were measured by immunoblotting technique. ICV irisin administration at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 µg/kg, significantly reduced infarct size, whereas only in 7.5 and 15 µg/kg improved neurological outcome (P 0.05). Additionally, irisin (7.5 µg/kg) significantly diminished apoptotic cells and increased BDNF immunoreactivity in the ischemic brain cortex (P < 0.004). Irisin administration significantly downregulated the Bax and caspase-3 expression and upregulated the Bcl-2 protein. The present study indicated that irisin attenuates brain damage via reducing apoptosis and increasing BDNF protein of brain cortex in the experimental model of stroke in mice. © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Natur