FGFR inhibition with NVP-BGJ398 impairs MRT growth <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>(A) <i>In vivo</i> efficacy of NVP-BGJ398 in a primary mouse MRT allograft model. MRT bearing nude mice received vehicle or NVP-BGJ398 at 50 mg/kg body weight for 13 consecutive days and tumor volumes were monitored. Date are given as average with SEM (n = 4) and were compared by unpaired Student’s t test; *p<0.05. (B) Immunohistochemistry (IHC, upper panel) and immunoblot (lower panel) analysis of p-ERK1/2 levels in MRT allograft samples from mice treated with a single dose of vehicle or NVP-BGJ398 (50 mg/kg body weight) for 2 h. β-Tubulin expression was used to monitor equal loading.</p

FGFR expression levels of the MRT cell lines A204, G401 and G402.

<p>(A) Scatter plot showing expression and copy number levels for <i>FGFR1</i> (left panel) and <i>FGFR2</i> (right panel) within the CCLE. MRT lines A204, G401 and G402 are indicated in red. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>FGFR2</i> mRNA expression in MRT cell lines and soft tissue cancer lines SKLMS1 and SKUT1. Expression values are given as average with standard errors of the mean (SEM) (n≥3) with respect to <i>GAPDH</i> mRNA levels (arbitrarily set as 100). (C) qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis of SNF5-deficiency in MRT lines. SKLMS1 and SKUT1 cells were used as positive controls for SNF5 expression. <i>SNF5</i> mRNA expression is given as average with SEM (n≥3) with respect to <i>GAPDH</i> mRNA levels (arbitrarily set as 100). β-Tubulin expression was used to monitor equal loading.</p

MRT cell lines are sensitive to pharmacological FGFR inhibition.

<p>(A) Global compound selectivity analysis of MRT lines. Comparison of the three MRT lines A204, G401 and G402 versus other soft tissue cancer lines from the CCLE with regards to sensitivity to a panel of approximately 2000 compounds with defined target specificity. Shown are the top 5 enriched target in MRTs according to Activity Area and Inflection Point scores. FDR, false discovery rate. (B) Sensitivity towards the FGFR inhibitor NVP-BGJ398 among soft tissue cancer lines. A cut-off value of 500 nM was used to determine NVP-BGJ398 sensitivity based on Crossing Point values from high-throughput cell proliferation assays. (C) Immunoblot analysis of p-FRS2 and p-ERK1/2 in MRT lines treated with DMSO or NVP-BGJ398 for 40 min as indicated. Total ERK1/2 and β-Tubulin expression was used to monitor equal loading.</p

SNF5 loss of function induces FGFR2 expression in human fibroblasts.

<p>(A) Effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of SNF5 on FGFR2 expression in BJ cells. <i>SNF5</i> and <i>FGFR2</i> expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR at 72 h post siRNA transfection. Expression is shown as relative levels to cells transfected with non-targeting control siRNA and is given as average with SEM (n≥3). <i>E</i>xpression values were normalized to <i>GAPDH</i> mRNA copies. (B) Immunoblot analysis of FGFR2 expression upon knockdown of SNF5 in BJ cells as described in (A). β-Tubulin expression was used to monitor equal loading. (C) Effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRG1 on FGFR2 expression in BJ cells as described in (A).</p

SNF5 is recruited to the FGFR2 promoter in BJ cells.

<p>(A) Schematic overview of the human FGFR2 promoter. Amplicons of primer pairs used for ChIP are shown as red squares and location is indicated relative to the transcriptional start site (TSS, +1). Exons are shown as blue boxes. (B) FGFR2 promoter occupancy by SNF5 in BJ cells. Fold enrichment from chromatin immunoprecititaions (ChIP) with a SNF5-specific antibody compared to an IgG control was analyzed by qPCR using the primer pairs indicated in (A). (C) Fold enrichment of the negative control locus IGX1A and the promoter region of the known SNF5 target gene CDKN1A. Fold enrichment is given as average with SEM (n≥3). Data were compared by unpaired Student’s t test with respect to the fold enrichment of the IGX1A locus; *p<0.05.</p

A Novel Potent Oral Series of VEGFR2 Inhibitors Abrogate Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis

This paper describes the identification of 6-(pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-naphthalene-1-carboxamides as a new class of potent and selective human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In biochemical and cellular assays, the compounds exhibit single-digit nanomolar potency toward VEGFR2. Compounds of this series show good exposure in rodents when dosed orally. They potently inhibit VEGF-driven angiogenesis in a chamber model and rodent tumor models at daily doses of less than 3 mg/kg by targeting the tumor vasculature as demonstrated by ELISA for TIE-2 in lysates or by immunohistochemical analysis. This novel series of compounds shows a potential for the treatment of solid tumors and other diseases where angiogenesis plays an important role