TAP Neuropsychology.

<p>T-values from all patients with BN compared with HCs and from patients with BN and childhood ADHD compared to patients without comorbid ADHD are shown below.</p><p>A Whitney-Mann-U test was used to test for significant differences between BN and HC and between subgroups split by childhood (WURS-K) ADHD diagnosis. After correction for multiple comparisons, p-values below 0.005 remain significant.</p><p>BN with ADHD: Bulimia nervosa patients without childhood-onset ADHD.</p><p>BN w/o ADHD: Bulimia nervosa patients with childhood-onset ADHD.</p><p>RT = reaction time.</p><p>SD = standard deviation.</p

Clinical scales.

<p>Data from all patients with BN compared to controls and patients with BN and childhood ADHD compared to patients without comorbid ADHD are shown below. The average values of SCL-90, BDI-II, SKID-I and SIAB-EX eating pathology measures for all patients with BN (BN), healthy controls (HC) as well as subgroups split by WURS-K ADHD diagnosis are shown above. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine significant differences. After correction for multiple comparisons, p-values below 0.006 remain significant.</p><p>BN with ADHD: Bulimia nervosa patients without childhood-onset ADHD.</p><p>BN w/o ADHD: Bulimia nervosa patients with childhood-onset ADHD.</p><p>n.a. = not available.</p

Study Sample.

<p>Sample characteristics and the results of the instruments characterizing ADHD-symptoms in 57 patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) compared to 40 healthy controls (HC).</p><p>HC: Healthy controls, BN: Patients with bulimia nervosa.</p><p>For age and IQ, two sided Student’s t-tests were used; for the other analyses, Mann-Whitney-U-Tests were employed due to non-normal distribution. After correction for multiple comparisons, p-values below 0.005 remain significant.</p

Brain activation during Alertingcontrast for patients with bulimia nervosa relative to healthy controls.

<p>The images show three axial slices positioned superiorly to inferiorly from top to bottom. For complete results, please refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161329#pone.0161329.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Alerting contrast Double Cue–No Cue. The whole-brain analysis was corrected for multiple comparisons using cluster thresholding of 40 voxels. Right, the mean beta values extracted from the regions that differed significantly between the groups. BN: Bulimia nervosa, HC: Healthy controls, ACC: Anterior Cingulate Cortex.</p

Analysis of correlation with clinical parameters.

<p>Brain activations extracted from areas significantly different between BN and HC for Alerting, Reorienting and Executive Control were correlated with clinical parameters. Correlations were corrected for age, BMI, depression and anxiety scores. A: Hyperactive during Alerting, bilateral posterior cingulate correlated with global eating-disorder symptoms (SIAB total score); B: Hypoactive during Reorienting, temporo Parietal Junction (TPJ) correlated inversely with ADHD scores (WRI-total); C: Hypoactive during Executive Control, parahippocampal gyrus correlated inversely with impulsivity scores (BIS-total).</p

Brain activation during Executive Control contrast for patients with bulimia nervosa relative to healthy controls.

<p>The image shows an axial slices. For complete results, please refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161329#pone.0161329.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Executive control contrast Incongruent Target–Congruent Target. The whole-brain analysis was corrected for multiple comparisons using cluster thresholding of 40 voxels. Right, the mean beta values extracted from the region that differed significantly between the groups. BN: Bulimia nervosa, HC: Healthy controls, ACC: Anterior Cingulate Cortex.</p

Paradigm of the Attention Network Task.

<p>A timeline of the task with several examples is shown from the lower left to the upper right. The task combines 4 cue conditions with 2 target conditions, which enables all 3 contrasts to be tested within a single experiment, thus eliminating the potential variance introduced by combining different tasks.</p

Brain activation during Reorienting contrasts for patient with bulimia nervosa relative to healthy controls.

<p>The images show three axial slices positioned superiorly to inferiorly from top to bottom. For complete results, please refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0161329#pone.0161329.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Reorienting contrast Spatially Invalid Cue–Spatially Valid cue. The whole-brain analysis was corrected for multiple comparisons using cluster thresholding of 40 voxels. Right, the mean beta values extracted from the regions that differed significantly between the groups. BN: Bulimia nervosa, HC: Healthy controls, ACC: Anterior Cingulate Cortex.</p

Demographics and clinical characteristics of female adolescents with bulimia nervosa and healthy controls.

<p>Demographics and clinical characteristics of female adolescents with bulimia nervosa and healthy controls.</p

Significant activation differences between BN and HC.

<p>Significant activation differences between BN and HC.</p