Lévinas and the wisdom of love: Breaking Gyges\u27 secret

Lévinas and the Wisdom of Love: Breaking Gyges\u27 Secret is an essay on the ways in which wisdom can be used to make one invisible to the other. I also show how a wisdom of love, as Lévinas describes it, can make one visible to the Other, and thereby more human. In analyzing Lévinas\u27 wisdom of love and how it is different from other types of wisdom, I focus on Lévinas\u27 saying that “philosophy is the wisdom of love at the service of love.” This study examines, in turn, Lévinas\u27 understanding of love, which I defend as irreducibly distinct from self-love, but compatible with it. Unlike some other compatibilist interpretations of Lévinas, I maintain that this view is consistent with a strongly asymmetrical view of neighbor love. This is possible since Lévinas\u27 asymmetry is not properly understood as the absence of return, but by the absence of speech which demands reciprocity. In asking what sort of priority love is to have over wisdom (compare to the priority of ethics over ontology), I raise the possibilities of ‘chronological priority,’ ‘logical priority,’ and ‘hierarchical priority,’ while dismissing all but the last type. Then I argue that even the altering of hierarchical priority Lévinas suggests is not a mere reversal where now the ethical relation—rather than ontology—has a dominating priority. Instead, I suggest a type of hierarchical inversion of priority which I call a ‘pacific priority’ and show how this priority seems impossible unless one recognizes the distinction between power and authority. After analyzing Lévinas\u27 understanding of love and priority, I turn to the question of wisdom and ask how Lévinas\u27 ‘wisdom of love,’—understood as a real possibility and not just an impossible ideal—is any different than the types of wisdom he critiques. The central difference is how one traces the origin of wisdom, and this allows one to give a different answer to Gyges\u27 veiling question of whether it is better to suffer or inflict injustice. I argue that this question lies at the heart of Lévinas\u27 project and suggest ways for becoming visible, which is, according to Lévinas, to become human

A Review of Treatments for Iliotibial Band Syndrome in the Athletic Population

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common injury in runners and other long distance athletes with the best management options not clearly established. This review outlines both the conservative and surgical options for the treatment of iliotibial band syndrome in the athletic population. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria by focusing on the athletic population in their discussion of the treatment for iliotibial band syndrome, both conservative and surgical. Conservative management consisting of a combination of rest (2–6 weeks), stretching, pain management, and modification of running habits produced a 44% complete cure rate, with return to sport at 8 weeks and a 91.7% cure rate with return to sport at 6 months after injury. Surgical therapy, often only used for refractory cases, consisted of excision or release of the pathologic distal portion of the iliotibial band or bursectomy. Those studies focusing on the excision or release of the pathologic distal portion of the iliotibial band showed a 100% return to sport rate at both 7 weeks and 3 months after injury. Despite many options for both surgical and conservative treatment, there has yet to be consensus on one standard of care. Certain treatments, both conservative and surgical, in our review are shown to be more effective than others; however, further research is needed to delineate the true pathophysiology of iliotibial band syndrome in athletes, as well as the optimal treatment regimen

Substitution of medical cannabis for pharmaceutical agents for pain, anxiety, and sleep.

A prior epidemiological study identified a reduction in opioid overdose deaths in US states that legalized medical cannabis (MC). One theory to explain this phenomenon is a potential substitution effect of MC for opioids. This study evaluated whether this substitution effect of MC for opioids also applies to other psychoactive medications. New England dispensary members ( n = 1,513) completed an online survey about their medical history and MC experiences. Among respondents that regularly used opioids, over three-quarters (76.7%) indicated that they reduced their use since they started MC. This was significantly ( p \u3c 0.0001) greater than the patients that reduced their use of antidepressants (37.6%) or alcohol (42.0%). Approximately two-thirds of patients decreased their use of anti-anxiety (71.8%), migraine (66.7%), and sleep (65.2%) medications following MC which significantly ( p \u3c 0.0001) exceeded the reduction in antidepressants or alcohol use. The patient\u27s spouse, family, and other friends were more likely to know about their MC use than was their primary care provider. In conclusion, a majority of patients reported using less opioids as well as fewer medications to treat anxiety, migraines, and sleep after initiating MC. A smaller portion used less antidepressants or alcohol. Additional research is needed to corroborate these self-reported, retrospective, cross-sectional findings using other data sources