29 research outputs found
The water-cryogen heat exchanger
Heat exchanger, using water as heat medium, converts liquid hydrogen to gaseous hydrogen at a very high rate. Possible applications include treatment of liquified natural gas in cities to bring the gas on-line quickly, conversion of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen for steel mills, and high volume inert purging
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The requirements for processing tritium recovered from liquid lithium blankets: The blanket interface
We have initiated a study to define a blanket processing mockup for Tritium Systems Test Assembly. Initial evaluation of the requirements of the blanket processing system have been started. The first step of the work is to define the condition of the gaseous tritium stream from the blanket tritium recovery system. This report summarizes this part of the work for one particular blanket concept, i.e., a self-cooled lithium blanket. The total gas throughput, the hydrogen to tritium ratio, the corrosive chemicals, and the radionuclides are defined. The key discoveries are: the throughput of the blanket gas stream (including the helium carrier gas) is about two orders of magnitude higher than the plasma exhaust stream;the protium to tritium ratio is about 1, the deuterium to tritium ratio is about 0.003;the corrosion chemicals are dominated by halides;the radionuclides are dominated by C-14, P-32, and S-35;their is high level of nitrogen contamination in the blanket stream. 77 refs., 6 figs., 13 tabs
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Possible design modifications of ITER fuel cycle
During the ITER design phase, the conceptual design of the fuel processing cycle has been established. The fuel processing cycle is designed to be able to handle all the tritium containing streams of the ITER. These streams include plasma exhaust, blanket tritium recovery, pellet propellant, neutron beam exhaust, water coolant detritiation, waste water from the room air detritiation system. The design is very conservative, i.e., the flow rate of each stream is high and the detritiation factor required is very high. A preliminary optimization study has been carried out to simplify the ITER fuel cycle design. We investigated: The throughput and composition of the input tritium containing streams from various components to the fuel processing cycle. The fraction of those streams needed to be detritiated. The required detritiation factors required for each of the streams. The results of the investigation determined that the major input tritium containing steams can be reduced by at least a factor of 10. The required detritiation factor can be reduced from a factor of 100 to 10{sup 6}. The size of the fuel processing cycle, the tritium inventory and the complexity of this system can, therefore, also be reduced
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Isotope separation system experiments at the TSTA
The recent results of the Isotope Separation System (ISS) operations at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) with 100 g of tritium indicate that the system generally satisfies design goals, while system stability problems remain to be solved. We configured the ISS system for the three column mode to eliminate such instability and operated it for six days. Fluctuations in flows and liquid levels were improved. Column separation characteristics obtained were satisfactory and agreed with the numerical analysis. The amount of discharged tritium was an acceptable effluent level. This means that the existing ISS system can be used as a three column system and possibly be applied to numerous fuel concepts. Presently, a new laser Raman spectroscopic gas analyzer has been installed at the ISS. This on-line system enables studies of the ISS dynamic behavior for further stability and performance data. 12 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs
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Gaseous-fuel safety assessment. Status report
The Los Alamos National Laboratory, in support of studies sponsored by the Office of Vehicle and Engine Research and Development in the US Department of Energy, has undertaken a safety assessment of selected gaseous fuels for use in light automotive transportation. The purpose is to put into perspective the hazards of these fuels relative to present day fuels and delineated criteria for their safe handling. Fuels include compressed and liquified natural gas (CNG and LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and for reference gasoline and diesel. This paper is a program status report. To date, physicochemical property data and general petroleum and transportation information were compiled; basic hazards defined; alternative fuels were safety-ranked based on technical properties alone; safety data and vehicle accident statistics reviewed; and accident scenarios selected for further analysis. Methodology for such analysis is presently under consideration