Professional and family relationships within the framework of a family-centred approach in Spain

This chapter justifies the importance of the relationship between professionals and families whose children attend early childhood services and transdisciplinary teamwork, with special emphasis on the participation of the family as a member. This reflection is carried out within the framework of the so-called family-centred approach, which is aimed at strengthening the family on the basis of trust in their family skills. In this context, this chapter shows the differences between the diverse approaches when working with families: the role of professionals, how families are perceived and the involvement of families in the assessment and intervention process. The chapter also provides the keys to a relationship that is considered collaborative within a family-centred approach and which, as such, should promote the empowerment of families, with the ultimate aim of introducing positive changes in the families’ quality of life, which are evaluated. Lastly, throughout the chapter, we provide strategies aimed at professionals to build this type of relationship with families, as well as tools that allow them to assess and reflect on their actions in this directio

Location of hillfort culture settlements by means of aerial archaeology in the municipality of Carral, Galicia

The use of aerial photography as an archaeological tool allows the identification of archaeological remains and human settlements, and may also provide knowledge about their evolution within their surroundings. However, this identification must be accompanied by the support of documentary or oral sources as, in some cases, aerial photography by itself does not allow their identification, due to the changes and the evolution of the countryside. Using the potential of aerial photography to identify the archaeological heritage, various Iron Age settlements were analysed in an area of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in an area in the municipality of Carral. These settlements are termed “castros”, and are characteristic of the Hillfort or Castro (Castrexa Culture) in Galicia

Families at the heart of inclusive education

El trabajo que se presenta analiza cómo se entiende el papel que las familias deben desempeñar en la transformación de los sistemas y entornos educativos para ser más inclusivos. Para ello, partiendo del significado de una educación inclusiva, y considerando esta como un derecho de todo el alumnado sin exclusiones, se justifica por qué las familias deben formar parte de este proceso, así como los beneficios que se derivan de su participación real en los centros escolares. Asimismo, a partir de experiencias de centros escolares que comparten los valores de la educación inclusiva, se muestra qué lugar han ocupado las familias en ellos. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexión en torno a qué tipo de participación por parte de las familias es necesario promover para acortar la distancia entre los valores declarados respecto a la inclusión y las acciones que se llevan a cabo, así como las oportunidades y espacios que se ofrecen a las mismas en los centros escolares.The paper analyses the role that families must play in transforming education systems and settings to be more inclusive. Therefore, based on the meaning of inclusive education, and considering this to be a right for all students without exclusions, the reason why families should be part of this process can be justified, as well as the benefits derived from their real participation in schools. Similarly, based on the experiences of centres that share the values of inclusive education, the place families have occupied is shown. Finally, we will reflect about what type of participation by families is necessary to promote in order to reduce the gap between the stated values with respect to inclusion and the action that are carried out, as well as the opportunities and spaces that are offered to families in schools.Este artículo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto “Análisis y valoración del proceso de educación inclusiva del alumnado con Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo desde educación infantil hasta la universidad: la participación social como eje de análisis”, financiado por el Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad. Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (EDU 2017-86739-R

Differentiation of Trichuris species using a morphometric approach

Trichuris trichiura is a nematode considered as the whipworm present in humans and primates. The systematics of the genus Trichuris is complex. Morphological studies of Trichuris isolated from primates and humans conclude that the species infecting these hosts is the same. Furthermore, numerous molecular studies have been carried out so far to discriminate parasite species from humans and Non-Human Primates using molecular techniques, but these studies were not performed in combination with a parallel morphological study. The hypothesised existence of more species of Trichuris in primates opens the possibility to revise the zoonotic potential and host specificity of T. trichiura and other putative new species of whipworms. In the present work, a study of Trichuris Roederer, 1761 (Nematoda:Trichuridae) parasitizing C. g. kikuyensis, P. ursinus, Macaca sylvanus, Pan troglodytes, and Sus scrofa domestica has been carried out using modern morphometric techniques in order to differentiate populations of Trichuris isolated from four species of captive NHP from different geographical regions, and swine, respectively. The results obtained revealed strong support for geometrical morphometrics as a useful tool to differentiate male Trichuris populations. Therefore, morphometrics in combination with other techniques, such as molecular biology analyses, ought to be applied to further the differentiation of male populations. On the other hand, morphometrics applied to female Trichuris species does not seem to contribute new information as all the measurements combinations of obtained from females always showed similar resultsMinistry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness(CGL2017-83057)FEDER funds, the Junta de Andalucía (BIO-338)V Plan Propio de Investigación of the University of Sevill

Citizenship as an input in the assessment of sustainability in architecture and urbanism

In the Mediterranean countries, the income ofthe building and city models from the North of Europe, has produce a change in the persons way of living. The traditional courtyard housing, the open and kind squares, the fresh and narrow streets, have been substituted by high buildings, hard concrete urban places and wide avenues. The protection against the environment of the traditional facades has been turned to thin walls and transparent surfaces. The texture of brick, stone or wood is been replaced with metal, plastic and glass. The well-being of the people is affected by aspects like acces, air, light, acoustic and visual contamination, the reduced account of open and green spaces in the city, the inadequate distribution of social activities places or buildings, the traffic, causing the appearance of illnesses like anxiousness or stress. The psychosocial well-being depends on psychological, physics and social factors. In Sustainable Architecture, Urbanism, and Construction, the investigations to define economic and environmental criteria to evaluate the sustainability of products and process, are numerous, and the social criteria studies are almost forget. We have to achieve the main target of offering to the people appropriate environment (cities, buildings and infrastructure) that help to improve the quality of their live, that reduce the negative impacts on the health and on the social, cultural or working activities. To achieve the challenge "Cities for all" and "Sustainable communities", we have to analyse the ways of living and the needs of each social group, from children and their caretaker, aged people, handicapped, immigrants, tourists .... Each of them with different needs but related. In this document we analyse the different social groups, their activities developed in the city and the negative impacts of the urban environment and the influence in the quality of live, to define an assessment methodology of the sustainability in Architecture and Urbanism from social criteria

It is never too early: social participation of early childhood education students from the perspective of families, teachers and students

The aim of this study was to delve into social participation in early childhood education classrooms of centres that include students with ASD, considering social participation as a fundamental element to understand inclusion. To this end, we propose a Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods approach. A quantitative study was carried out with the participation of 85 Early Childhood Education students from centres that include students with ASD. Information was gathered through attitude and social support questionnaires. Six families and eight professionals of these centres participated in the qualitative study. In this case, interviews were conducted. The results show the need to attend to the social participation of all students already in the stage of Early Childhood Education as a fundamental part of what is understood as an inclusive classroom. Similarly, this study identifes both the factors that hinder and facilitate the response of teachers to this aspect in relation to the students, teachers, and familiesThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, grant number EDU 2017-86739-

Trichuris trichiura isolated from Macaca sylvanus: morphological, biometrical, and molecular study

Background Recent studies have reported the existence of a Trichuris species complex parasitizing primate. Nevertheless, the genetic and evolutionary relationship between Trichuris spp. parasitizing humans and Non-Human Primates (NHP) is poorly understood. The hypothesised existence of different species of Trichuris in primates opens the possibility to evaluate these primates as reservoir hosts of human trichuriasis and other putative new species of whipworms. Results In this paper, we carried out a morphological, biometrical and molecular study of Trichuris population parasitizing Macaca sylvanus from Spain based on traditional morpho-biometrical methods, PCA analysis and ribosomal (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cob) DNA sequencing. Morphological results revealed that Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus is Trichuris trichiura. Ribosomal datasets revealed that phylogenetic relationships of populations of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus were unresolved. The phylogeny inferred on mitochondrial datasets (partitioned and concatenated) revealed similar topologies; Thus, phylogenetic trees supported the existence of clear molecular differentiation between individuals of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus appearing in two different subclades. Conclusions Based on morphological parameters, biometrical measurements, and molecular sequence analysis, we conclude that the whipworms isolated from M. sylvanus were T. trichiura. Further, the evolutionary relationship showed that these worms belonged to two genotypes within the T. trichiura lineage. Since T. trichiura is of public health importance, it is important to carry out further studies to improve the understanding of its hosts range, evolution and phylogeography.Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (CGL2017–83057) and FEDER fundsJunta de Andalucía (BIO-338)V and VI Plan Propio de Investigación of the University of Sevill

Aplicaciones de las técnicas no destructivas Pull-Off y ultrasonidos en el control de calidad del refuerzo con materiales compuestos en estructuras de concreto

The reinforcement system of concrete structures using composite materials has been widely used for more than fifty years. However, there are still many unknowns regarding their longterm behavior, as the control of the bond between the concrete and the reinforcement materials being essential to ensure their quality. It is a reinforcement system that is made by adhesion, and as consequence of the uncertainty on the adhesion tension, in practice, it is solved with anchorages that make the work more expensive and which are not feasible for large areas of reinforcement. A correct installation that guarantees the proper behavior of the reinforcement materials would optimize this type of strengthening system and its applicability. The implementation of an appropriate quality control plan guarantees the optimization of the system and allows to establish the proper maintenance criteria. This research presents an experimental program for the quality control of laying, based on the study of the bond between the concrete and fiber composite sheets, taking into account different types of concrete and surface preparation techniques. An in situ quality control plan with semi-destructive pull off and non-destructive ultrasonic type tests allows verifying the effectiveness of the reinforcement.El sistema de refuerzo de estructuras de concreto mediante materiales compuestos se emplea de forma intensiva desde hace 50 años. Sin embargo, aún son numerosas las incógnitas respecto a su comportamiento a largo plazo, por lo cual es fundamental el control de la unión entre el concreto y el refuerzo para asegurar su calidad. Es un sistema de refuerzo que se realiza por adhesión, y como consecuencia de la incertidumbre sobre la tensión de adherencia, en la práctica se resuelve con anclajes que encarecen la obra y que resultan inviables en grandes superficies de refuerzo. Una correcta puesta en obra y con garantías del adecuado comportamiento del refuerzo optimiza y valoriza este sistema. La implantación de un plan de control de calidad apropiado garantiza la optimización del refuerzo y permite establecer los criterios de mantenimiento adecuados. En esta investigación se ha desarrollado un plan experimental para el control de calidad de la puesta en obra, basado en el estudio de la unión entre concreto y las bandas de refuerzo, teniendo en cuenta diferentes tipos de concreto y sistemas de preparación superficial. Un plan de control de calidad in situ con ensayos semidestructivos tipo pull-off y no destructivos tipo ultrasonidos permite verificar la efectividad del refuerzo

Posibilidad de aprovechamiento de los RCD generados en obras de rehabilitación

Oftentimes, the incorporation of ordinances and application of regulations of technical, social,or urban nature imply an appropriate study and analysis of the building, the population affected, their habits and any of the consequences caused by the resolution of new demands. The research developed by the team REPROGRAMA in the University of Seville, CONTRATO I+D, related to the field of action of the Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda of the Agencia de Obra Pública de la Junta de Andalucía, considers the needs of intervention in the Andalusian housing stock built between the 1940s-80s, in order to improve an active aging process, taking into account a gender perspective, comfort requirements, energy savings, and environmental sustainability. Considering the rehabilitation of the housing stock as one of the greatest challenges of today for cities and always considering the three pillars of sustainability, this research is to reflect upon the existing reality and to propose protocols of intervention, which would satisfy the social needs and meet the demands of the current regulations, improving the quality of life for the users and the protection of the environment. In this presentation we explain an important part of the research we’ve done, the management of the RCD generated in the construction of energetic rehabilitation from one particular case of great singularity—the neighborhood of Nuestra Señora del Carmen in the district of Los Remedios of Seville. In this case, the planned constructions will create a great amount of waste, which should be taken into consideration since it could be one of the facets that questions the viability of the intervention. We will show our proposal of the RCD management, including quantification, assessment, minimization, selection and treatment in situ, and the possibilities of use of the original building. We will offer the results obtained in relation to reusing and recycling the wastes to reincorporate them to the building, extending its lifespan as a “secondary material”, as part of the natural process in reformation projects and rehabitilitaion of buildings, in accordance with the Directive 2008/98/CE or the Plan Nacional Integrado de Residuos (National Integrated Plan of Wastes) 2008-2015.A menudo, la incorporación de ordenanzas y normativas de aplicación de carácter técnico,social o urbano al parque de viviendas existente, implican un adecuado estudio y análisis de la edificación, la población afectada, sus hábitos y cualquiera de las consecuencias que puedan derivarse en la aplicación de las nuevas exigencias. Los trabajos desarrollados por el equipo REPROGRAMA de la Universidad de Sevilla, en el contrato I+D con la Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda de la Junta de Andalucía, tienen como objetivo el análisis de las necesidades de intervención en el parque edificado andaluz construido entre los años 40-80, sobre la base de favorecer el envejecimiento activo y desde la perspectiva de género, a partir de las exigencias de confort, ahorro energético y sostenibilidad ambiental. Considerando la rehabilitación del parque edificado como uno de los grandes retos de hoy en día para las ciudades y teniendo en todo momento presente los tres pilares de la sostenibilidad, esta investigación fija como objetivo general reflexionar acerca de la realidad existente y proponer protocolos de intervención, que satisfagan las necesidades sociales y cumplan con las exigencias normativas actuales, mejorando la calidad de vida de los usuarios y la protección del Medio Ambiente. En la ponencia que presentamos exponemos una parte relevante de los estudios desarrollados, la gestión de los RCD generados en las obras de Rehabilitación energética de un caso particular de gran singularidad, la Barriada de Nuestra Señora del Carmen en el barrio de los Remedios de Sevilla. En este caso, las obras previstas generarán un gran volumen de escombros cuyo destino final debe contemplarse, ya que puede suponer uno de los aspectos que cuestionen la viabilidad de la actuación. En el presente trabajo, mostraremos la propuesta de gestión de los RCD, incluyendo cuantificación, valorización, minimización, selección y tratamiento in situ, y posibilidades de aprovechamiento en el edificio origen. Ofreceremos los resultados obtenidos en relación a la reutilización y reciclado de los escombros para incorporarlos de nuevo al edificio alargando su vida útil como “material secundario”, como parte natural del proceso en los proyectos de reforma y rehabilitación de edificios, acorde con la Directiva 2008/98/CE o el Plan Nacional Integrado de Residuos 2008-2015

Maltrato por abuso de poder entre escolares, ¿de qué estamos hablando?

Se describe la naturaleza del maltrato por abuso de poder entre iguales en la escuela distinguiendo las características que lo definen y las que suelen estar presentes sin ser necesarias, analizando algunos de los tópicos, no siempre reales, que acompañan al fenómeno. Se revisan, fundamentalmente a partir de datos españoles, la incidencia del problema, sus escenarios y participantes, y sus repercusiones para los implicados, así como las representaciones acerca de este problema que manifiestan escolares y profesores participantes en estudios cualitativos realizados por los autores. Por último, se reflexiona sobre el papel de distintos participantes –especialmente el del centro educativo– en la intervención y prevención del maltrato por abuso de poderLas investigaciones aludidas han sido financiadas por la Comisión Europea (Programa TMR), el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Acciones Integradas) y la Oficina del Defensor del Pueblo junto con la Comisión Española de UNICE