Manejo de agua y nitrógeno en arroz riego en el valle del cauca

El experimento, en el cual se sembró arroz Oryzica-2 en un vertisol (Typic Pellustert), se diseñó en un factorial incompleto 6 x 3 con arreglo de parcelas divididas. El suelo se mantuvo bajo una lámina de riego de 5.0cm o en saturación durante los períodos vegetativo, reproductivo y de maduración, los niveles de fertilización fueron de 80, 120 Y 160 kg de N/ha aplicados fraccionadamente. El mejor rendimiento (8170 kg/ha) se obtuvo con 160 kg/ha aplicando una lámina de 5.0 cm durante el período vegetativo, manteniendo luego el suelo saturado hasta 14 días antes de la cosecha. Los requerimientos de agua por E TP fueron de1187 mm y los factores K de 1.38 (30 - 65 días), 1.53 (65-110 Mas) y 1.48 (110-149 días).Field experiments were conducted to study the water management and nitrogen fertilizing in rice (Oryzica-2) planted in a verticsoil (Typic Pellustert) of the river Cauca Valley (Colombia). There were used 18 treatments consisted in keeping a 5.0 cm water table depth in the soil, or saturating it during three growing stages of the rice plant; N fertilizer levels were 80, 120 and 160 kg f ha applied in a fractionated form. The highest yield in brown rice (8170 kg/ha) was with the treatment of 160 kg/ha, applying a 5.0 cm water table on soil during vegetative stage and keeping it after saturated until 14 days before cropping. PET water requirements were 1187 mm, and the K factors of 1.38, 1.53 and 1.48 from vegetative, reproductive and maturity stages respectively

Evaluación económica del manejo de agua y nitrógeno en arroz de riego en el Valle del Cauca

Arroz-Oryza sativ

Desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz

El proceso de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está directamente relacionado con una adecuada metodología de procesos industriales, que cada vez son más exigentes en competitividad, eficiencia energética y de normativas ambientales. Este libro contempla resultados de un proceso de investigación y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas aplicadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Automotriz desde cuatro aristas: eficiencia energética y contaminación ambiental, planificación del transporte, ingeniería del mantenimiento aplicada al transporte y desagregación tecnológica. Este libro conmemora 20 años de formación universitaria salesiana en el sector de transporte y recoge las experiencias y resultados obtenidos asociados con el desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha convocado a la comunidad científica, académica y profesionales de la industria automotriz a participar en la publicación. Cada capítulo fue sometido a revisión, evaluación y aprobación por un comité científico altamente calificado, proveniente de seis países: Colombia, Ecuador, España, Guinea Ecuatorial, México y Venezuela. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al gran apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS sede Cuenca), Ecuador y Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)

Manejo de agua y nitrógeno en arroz riego en el Valle del Cauca Manejo de agua y nitrógeno en arroz riego en el Valle del Cauca

El experimento, en el cual se sembró arroz Oryzica-2 en un vertisol (Typic Pellustert), se diseñó en un factorial incompleto 6 x 3 con arreglo de parcelas divididas. El suelo se mantuvo bajo una lámina de riego de 5.0cm o en saturación durante los períodos vegetativo, reproductivo y de maduración, los niveles de fertilización fueron de 80, 120 Y 160 kg de N/ha aplicados fraccionadamente. El mejor rendimiento (8170 kg/ha) se obtuvo con 160 kg/ha aplicando una lámina de 5.0 cm durante el período vegetativo, manteniendo luego el suelo saturado hasta 14 días antes de la cosecha. Los requerimientos de agua por E TP fueron de1187 mm y los factores K de 1.38 (30 - 65 días), 1.53 (65-110 Mas) y 1.48 (110-149 días).Field experiments were conducted to study the water management and nitrogen fertilizing in rice (Oryzica-2) planted in a verticsoil (Typic Pellustert) of the river Cauca Valley (Colombia). There were used 18 treatments consisted in keeping a 5.0 cm water table depth in the soil, or saturating it during three growing stages of the rice plant; N fertilizer levels were 80, 120 and 160 kg f ha applied in a fractionated form. The highest yield in brown rice (8170 kg/ha) was with the treatment of 160 kg/ha, applying a 5.0 cm water table on soil during vegetative stage and keeping it after saturated until 14 days before cropping. PET water requirements were 1187 mm, and the K factors of 1.38, 1.53 and 1.48 from vegetative, reproductive and maturity stages respectively

Antimicrobial activity of the extract and isolated compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae)

Baccharis dracunculifolia D. C. (Asteraceae) is the most important plant source of the Brazilian green propolis. Since propolis is known for its antimicrobial activity, the aim of this work was to evaluate the showed that the leaves extract of B. dracunculifolia (BdE) presents antifungal and antibacterial activities, especially against Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans, for which the BdE showed IC50 values of 65 mu g mL(-1) and 40 mu g mL(-1), respectively In comparison to the BdE, it was observed that the green propolis extract (GPE) showed better antimicrobial activity, displaying an IC50 value of 9 mu g mL(-1) against C krusei. Also, a phytochemical study of the BdE was carried out, affording the isolation of ursolic acid (1), 2 alpha-hydroxy-ursolic acid (2), isosakuranetin (3), aromadendrin-4`-methylether (4), baccharin (5), viscidone (6), hautriwaic acid lactone (7), and the clerodane diterpene 8. This is the first time that the presence of compounds 1, 2, and 8 in B. dracunculifolia has been reported. Among the isolated compounds, 1 and 2 showed antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, displaying IC50 values of 65 mu g mL(-1) and 40 mu g mL(-1), respectively. 3 was active against C neoformans, showing an IC50 value of 15 mu g mL(-1) and a MIC value of 40 mu g mL(-1), while compounds 4-8 were inactive against all tested microorganisms. The results showed that the BdE, similar to the GPE, displays antimicrobial activity, which may be related to the effect of several compounds present in the crude extract

Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that make use of the host metabolic machineries to meet their biosynthetic needs. Thus, identifying the host pathways essential for the virus replication may lead to potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are not fully known. Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles with major functions in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis and intracellular transport, and have multiple roles in infections and inflammation. Here we described that monocytes from COVID-19 patients have an increased LD accumulation compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative donors. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection were seen to modulate pathways of lipid synthesis and uptake as monitored by testing for CD36, SREBP-1, PPARγ, and DGAT-1 expression in monocytes and triggered LD formation in different human cell lines. LDs were found in close apposition with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and double-stranded (ds)-RNA in infected Vero cells. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells show viral particles colocalizing with LDs, suggestive that LDs might serve as an assembly platform. Pharmacological modulation of LD formation by inhibition of DGAT-1 with A922500 significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as reduced production of mediators pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential role of lipid metabolic reprograming and LD formation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, opening new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to COVID-19

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by targeting the Sigma-1 receptor disrupts cytoarchitecture and beating

SARS-CoV-2 infects cardiac cells and causes heart dysfunction. Conditions such as myocarditis and arrhythmia have been reported in COVID-19 patients. The Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is a ubiquitously expressed chaperone that plays a central role in cardiomyocyte function. S1R has been proposed as a therapeutic target because it may affect SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, the impact of the inhibition of S1R in human cardiomyocytes remains to be described. In this study, we investigated the consequences of S1R inhibition in iPSC-derived human cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-CM was productive and reduced cell survival. S1R inhibition decreased both the number of infected cells and viral particles after 48 hours. S1R inhibition also prevented the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death. Although the S1R antagonist NE-100 triggered those protective effects, it compromised cytoskeleton integrity by downregulating the expression of structural-related genes and reducing beating frequency. Our findings suggest that the detrimental effects of S1R inhibition in human cardiomyocytes’ integrity may abrogate its therapeutic potential against COVID and should be carefully considered