Piramida pravilne prehrane

O pravilnoj prehrani se piše i objavljuju studije već dugi niz godina, a sve u svrhu edukacije ljudi o pravilnom odabiru, pripremi i konzumaciji hrane koja nam je dostupna. Promjena načina prehrane predstavlja najizazovniji dugoročni pozitivni pokušaj u našem životu. Teško se odričemo naviknutog dnevnog rasporeda uzimanja obroka i poznatih. omiljenih okusa

Health-related quality of life of women with disabilities in relation to their employment status

Aim To compare the health-related quality of life of unemployed and employed women with disabilities and establish factors affecting their life satisfaction. Methods The study included 318 women with disabilities, 160 of whom were employed and 158 unemployed, paired according to age and region of residence. The health-related quality of life was assessed by The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, and social demographics and factors affecting life satisfaction were collected by a general questionnaire. The factors affecting life satisfaction were defined according to respondents’ statements. Results Unemployed women with disabilities had a lower mean score (±standard deviation) on all health-related QoL domains: psychological health (14.52 ± 2.80 vs 15.94 ± 2.55), social relationships (15.12 ± 3.08 vs 16.06 ± 2.69), environment (12.80 ± 2.78 vs 13.87 ± 2.49), as well as on a separate item of self-assessed health (3.33 ± 1.16 vs 3.56 ± 0.92) than their employed counterparts (P < 0.01). This disparity was not found only in the domain of physical health. The largest positive impact on life satisfaction in both groups was family. Conclusion As disabled women are a particularly vulnerable population group, stressing the importance of employment and family as factors affecting their quality of life may help equalizing opportunities and upgrading the quality of life of all – particularly unemployed women with disabilities

Praćenje ispravnosti namirnica u Hrvatskoj

The Croatian National Institute of Public Health implements the statistical food safety monitoring programme for foods marketed in Croatia in accordance with effective laws and regulations. Laboratories for food safety control, certified by the Ministry of Health, report their findings in quarterly notifications, using the standard forms and issue statements of compliance or noncompliance with current regulations, specifying the cause in case of the latter. This paper brings the results for the period 1993–99 as an illustration of the monitoring programme.U skladu sa zakonom Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo organizira i provodi statistički program praćenja zdravstvene ispravnosti namirnica koje su u prometu u Hrvatskoj. Laboratoriji koje je Ministarstvo zdravstva Republike Hrvatske ovlastilo za kontrolu ispravnosti namirnica izvješćuju na propisanim obrascima o analizama namirnica prema broju i vrsti. Osim toga, oni naznačuju odgovara li namirnica vrijedećim domaćim propisima ili ne, a u slučaju ustanovljenih prekršaja zakona navode uzrok prekršaja. Ovaj članak ilustrira neke rezultate praćenja u razdoblju 1993.–99. U tom periodu, od ukupno pregledanih uzoraka namirnica zdravstveno neispravno bilo je 6,96– 9,60% zbog mikrobioloških parametara, a 3,90–10,0% zbog kemijskih parametara. Kao najčešći uzroci neprikladnosti namirnica za ljudsku uporabu zapaženi su povećani broj mikroorganizama i enterobakterija, koagulaza-pozitivnih stafilokoka, E.coli te prisutnost salmonela. Kod kemijskih parametara najčešći uzroci zdravstvene neispravnosti bili su neprikladni sastav hrane i organoleptička svojstva, kao i upotreba aditiva nedopuštenih u odre|enoj vrsti namirnice. Otkriveno je nekoliko pojedinačnih slučajeva povećane količine aditiva za namirnice

HEALTH PROTECTION OF AUXILIARY PERSONNEL IN HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS

Ubodni incidenti predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih načina ozljeđivanja djelatnika u zdravstvenim ustanovama uz koje povezujemo rizik od infekcija koje mogu uzrokovati kroničnu bolest, privremenu ili trajnu radnu nesposobnost. Najčešći tip ozljeda su ubodni incidenti nastali ubodom na iglu i posjekotine oštrim predmetima kod vađenja krvi, kirurških zahvata, ali i čišćenja i zbrinjavanja medicinskog otpada. Procjenjuje se da u Europi postoji milijun takvih ozljeda godišnje. Nisu samo zdravstveni djelatnici koji rade u specifičnim medicinskim situacijama prepoznati kao djelatnici pod najvećim rizikom izloženosti ubodnim incidentima. Pomoćno osoblje, kao što su čistačice i spremačice u zdravstvenim ustanovama također su izložene značajnim rizicima. Praćenje incidenata kao i provedba mjera prevencije u nadležnosti je bolničkog povjerenstva za sprečavanje i suzbijanje bolničkih infekcija koje radi sukladno preporuci Referentnog centra za bolničke infekcije Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Hrvatske. Osim vođenja dokumentacije, posebno je važno procjepljivanje protiv HBV-a i pomoćnog osoblja u zdravstvenim ustanovama koje dolazi u dodir s potencijalno infektivnim materijalom, praćenje imunosti nakon cijepljenja i provođenje kontinuirane edukacije o prevenciji ekspozicijskih incidenata i postekspozicijskoj profilaksi. Rizik stjecanja krvlju prenosivih infekcija kao što su hepatitis B, hepatitis C i HIV u radu pomoćnog osoblja nije zanemariv, stoga je potrebno aktivno poduzimati mjere za sprečavanje krvlju prenosivih infekcija na radnim mjestima najveće ugroženosti.Sharp object injuries are some of the most common injuries sustained by medical staff in health care institutions with risk of possible infections that may cause chronic disease and temporary or permanent work disability. The most common of all are needle stick injuries and cuts from objects used to take blood samples and those used in surgical procedures, but injuries also occur while cleaning and disposing of medical waste. An estimated million of such injuries is sustained in Europe every year. Health care workers are not the only population exposed to high risk of sharp object injuries. Auxiliary workers, such as cleaning and maintenance personnel in health care institutions, are also exposed to a great deal of risk. The monitoring of incidents and the implementation of preventive measures is the responsibility of hospital infections control committee whose work is guided by the recommendations provided by the Reference Centre for Hospital Infections at the Croatian Ministry of Health. In addition to keeping detailed records of such incidents, special importance is attached to vaccination against HBV for auxiliary personnel in health care who come in contact with potentially infective material. Mandatory monitoring of their immunity after vaccination, implementation of permanent education on the prevention of exposure incidents, and post-exposure prophylaxis are imperative. The risk of blood-borne hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infection is not to be ignored among auxiliary personnel. Active measures are to be implemented to prevent blood-borne infections at high risk workplaces

Characteristics of influenza viruses isolated from humans in Croatia

Jedna od tri velike pandemije 20. stoljeća, zapravo najveća epidemija svih vremena tzv. "španjolska gripa" bila je uzrokovana virusom tipa A/H1N1/, a 1918. godine usmrtila je oko 50 milijuna ljudi. Zbog tog i sličnih događaja te pojava pandemija u prošlosti, Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO) ustrojila je niz od oko 110 Nacionalnih centara za influencu u različitim zemljama svijeta. U tim okvirima djeluje i Nacionalni centar za influencu Hrvatske. U ovom pregledu prikazane su osnovne karakteristike i obrasci pojavljivanja epidemija te karakteristike izolata virusa izdvojenih u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 1999. do 2005. godine.One of three major pandemics of the 20th century is the greatest epidemics of all times, the so called Spanish flu, caused by the virus of the type A/H1N1/, which in 1918 caused the death of around 50 million people. Because of this and similar past pandemics occurrences WHO has established a whole range of around 110 National influenza centers in different countries of the world. Within this framework the National influenza center for Croatia is also active. In this overview we will compare the basic characteristics and occurrence patterns of these epidemics as well as the characteristics of virus isolates extracted in Croatia in the period from 1999-2005

Characteristics of Circulating Influenza Viruses in Season 2010/11

U Hrvatskoj je evidentiran podjednak broj oboljelih od gripe u sezoni 2010/2011. (56.000, 28 preminulih), kao i u “pandemijskoj” 2009/2010. (58.000, 32 laboratorijski dokazano preminulih), dok je broj laboratorijski potvrđenih slučajeva nešto veći, tj. 1.756 u odnosu prema 1.561. Dok je vrhunac aktivnosti influence u Europi zamijećen tijekom 52. tjedna 2010, tj. krajem godine, u Hrvatskoj je bio kasnije u 5. tjednu 2011, tj. na početku mjeseca veljače. Laboratorijski je potvrđen 1.561 A/H1N1//California/7/2009. virus, 88 B/Brisbane/60/2008. virusa i jedan virus A/H3N2/Perth/16/2009.In Croatia, the number of flu cases in season 2010/2011 (56,000; 28 deceased) was almost equal to that in a pandemic season 2009/2010 (58,000; 32 laboratory proven deceased), while the number of laboratory-confirmed cases was slightly higher, i.e. 1,756 vs. 1,561. The peak of influenza activity in Europe was observed during the 52nd week of 2010, i.e. the end of the year. In Croatia, however, it was observed in the 5th week of 2011, i.e. in the beginning of February. There were 1561 A/H1N1//California/7/2009 laboratory-confirmed viruses, 88 B/Brisbane/60/2008 viruses and one A/H3N2/Perth/16/2009 virus