Is Substituting P91 for P22 Justified?

While refurbishing fossil fuel power plants, it is of great importance for safety precaution to replace the aged components which exceeded their designed service life with new ones. The most important parameter for thick-walled components is thickness value and the most important procedure is its reduction. Reduction of wall-thickness is achieved by changing the material of thick-walled components. In present paper some examples of wall-thickness reduction are shown in case of substituting a ferritic/martensitic micro-alloyed steel P91 for P22

An attempt to OHL dynamic line rating by strain-vibration detection of tower

There are many on-line overhead line (OHL) thermal monitoring systems, which are commonly known as dynamic line rating (DLR) systems using different sensors and approaches. Interaction between sag, tension and conductor temperature of OHL enables different approaches using sensors for detecting needed parameters for line ratings. The ambition of this project was to consider deformation and vibration behaviour or structural critical components of tower as a source of information for conductor tension parameters. Vibration behaviour or structural critical components is an important source of information for deciding on the mode of exploitation by a rapid adaptation to existing conditions currently encountered. The concept of monitoring is based on stress-strain analysis, vibration and deflection behavior of structural component. Correlation between tower deflections and conductor tensions are well-defined in case of large angle of tower. In tested polygon of 220 kV OHL there was section with large tower angle and situation of right-of-way in forest, which played barrier for wind. So, condition for hot spot section of line was likely fulfilled. The monitoring system based on algorithm which incorporates the geometric characteristics via calibration function. Dynamic line rating (DLR) systems is supported by numerical analysis of the structural components of the model enables simulation of mechanical behaviour and deflection of conductor and tower

What place for East and West? Discourses, reality and foreign and security policies of post-Yugoslav small states

This paper explores different and changing receptions and uses of ‘East’ and ‘West’ in the foreign policy discourses of Serbia and Croatia, as puzzling cases of state identity configuration. The author suggests and gives meaning to the conception of ‘small state reality’ and offers a perspective on the role of historical, contextual and situational elements of state identity in the understanding of foreign policy orientations and agency. The paper discusses the productive possibilities of such a reading in the light of the relational turn in small states’ literature and recent discussions about ‘non-Western’ international relations