Feedlot Herd Health Program

The first two weeks in the feedlot are the most critical for cattle. Respiratory diseases are most apt to show up during the time the cattle are making adjustments to their new environment, feeding practices, etc. The effects of stress before and during shipping become evident at this time

Survey of Disease Problems in Large Feedlots

This report details disease problems in large feedlots

Scabies: Re-Emerging as a Major Cattle Health Problem

Scabies is a contagious skin disease of cattle caused by tiny parasitic mites that pierce the animal\u27s skin to feed. Discharge from the mite wound oozes onto the surface of the skin to form scabs or crusts

Scrotal Hernia in a Bull

On April 5, 1945, a four year old Hereford bull was presented for treatment at the Stange Memorial Clinic

Herd Health Calendar for Cow-Calf Producer

The cliche An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure may be worn threadbare, but it has direct application to cow-calf operations today. There is no cure for some cattle diseases once they become established in a herd. Take vibriosis for example. It can string out the calving interval making it virtually impossible to ever get the cows back to a normal, seasonal interval. Vibriosis can be prevented by careful management practices and a vaccination program

Swine Health: Swine Arthritis

Arthritis of swine is of economic importance to the swine producer and the meat packer. Recent figures from USDA meat inspection records have shown an increasing trend in condemnations of parts of carcasses and of whole carcasses due to arthritis. Figures for 1969 show a multimillion dollar loss due to trim and condemnation on the packing floor. This is only a small portion of the actual loss. Most losses due to arthritis are suffered by the producer in terms of slower and less efficient gains. Death losses may occur from the septicemia due to the infectious agent in the blood stream. These losses while great, are difficult to document but substantially add to the cost of swine production on the farm

Salmonella in Livestock

Salmonella in livestock discusses what salmonella are and why they are important. Addressed are sources of infection, prevention and treatment, and precautions for human food products. Included is information on the disease in swine, cattle, poultry, and other animals

Blackleg and Malignant Edema

Blackleg and malignant edema in livestock discusses causes and spread of the disease, clinical signs, diagnosis, control, and treatment

Marek\u27s Disease - Leukosis

During the past few years there have been many significant new findings concerning the avian leukosis complex. Until recently these diseases were termed visceral leukosis, neural leukosis, or avian lymphomatosis. Recent research work in England and this country has clarified the cause of these diseases and they can be divided into two distinct diseases. These two diseases now known as Marek\u27s disease and lymphoid leukosis, are caused by two different viruses. Today, the tumors and associated conditions caused by these diseases are the major disease problems of broiler and laying flocks. The loss in the United States from death and condemnation at the processing plant, is estimated to be in excess of 200 million dollars annually

Experimental Evaluation of Potential Effects of Habitat Size and Presence of Conspecifics on Habitat Association by Young-of-the-Year Red Snapper

The potential effects of habitat size and the presence of larger conspecifics on habitat association by young-of-the-year (YOY) red snapper Lutjanus campechanus was evaluated in 2.2 m3 laboratory tanks. Our results indicate that YOY red snapper have a strong affinity for structure, which ranged in these experiments from open-sand bottom to concrete-block, artificial reef-like habitats. Mean distance of YOY red snapper from the blocks decreased significantly and the time spent near the structures increased significantly as the size of the habitat increased. However, when larger subadult snapper were present, both distances to the reefs and time that YOY spent near them was significantly reduced, as the larger conspecifics actively defended the structure from occupation by YOY. If similar interactions occur in situ, small snapper that attempt to move onto reefs from the shrimping grounds that serve as nursery areas for juveniles may be subject to predation pressures by piscivorous fishes inhabiting the reefs. Finally, in experiments that used both larger conspecifics and alternate prey similar in size to the YOY red snapper, results indicated that larger snapper preferentially consumed the alternate prey and did not cannibalize the YOY red snapper. Nevertheless, YOY still were not permitted to occupy the artificial reef habitats in any experiments when larger conspecifics were present in the tanks. If results of these experiments are exportable to the field, they may partially explain the observation that YOY red snapper in natural populations are more often found in shallower water on shrimping grounds, whereas larger juveniles begin to recruit to the offshore reefs once they have obtained a size refuge. If additional studies conclude that YOY red snapper are attracted to larger or more complex habitats but avoid these structures because of pressure from larger juveniles and/or adults, the strategy of continued placement of artificial reefs large enough to attract adult snapper and other piscivores in and near the inshore shrimping grounds should be reassessed